Ten-Year Insolvency Trends in Canada 2007-2016

PDF version

Table of contents


Overview

Insolvency volumes in Canada increased during the 2007–2016 period, from 108,905 in 2007 to 129,727 in 2016. Volumes were noticeably affected by the 2008–09 recession, during which they peaked at 158,441.

The structure of insolvency volumes changed during the 2007–2016 period. The two insolvency options that form total volumes, a bankruptcy and a proposal, evolved in opposite directions. While the number of proposal filings increased, the number of bankruptcy filings decreased. Consumer insolvency filings, which represent the majority of insolvency volumes in Canada (97% in 2016), are the main driver behind these trends.

Insolvency volumes vary across the country, reflecting each province's economic and demographic profiles.

Consumer insolvency rates, defined as the number of consumer insolvencies per thousand Canadian residents aged 18 years and older, recorded a slight increase during this period, going from 3.9 in 2007 to 4.4 in 2016.

The demographics of insolvent consumers did not significantly change over the 2007–2016 period. Insolvent consumers in the age brackets of 25 to 44 years old and 45 to 64 years old continued to represent the majority of all consumer insolvency filings, with 85.8% of the total in 2016. The share of these two age brackets in the Canadian population aged 18 years and older hovers around 70%.

Slightly more males than females filed for insolvency throughout the period, a trend consistent for both bankruptcy and proposal filings.

The sectoral structure of business insolvency was fairly stable during this period, with the top five industry sectors remaining unchanged and consistently representing approximately 60% of all business insolvency filings. These sectors are Construction; Manufacturing; Retail Trade; Transportation and Warehousing; and Accommodation and Food Services. Businesses in these five sectors accounted for 25% of all Canadian businesses in 2016, a drop of almost 10 percentage points from the 34% recorded in 2007.

For all consumer insolvency filings, declared assets and liabilities increased during the 2008–09 recession and decreased afterwards. The assets/liabilities deficit followed a similar trend. For proposals filed by consumers, the trend was quite different, as declared assets and liabilities increased throughout the 2007–2016 period and the assets/liabilities deficit was significantly smaller, compared to consumer bankruptcies.

For all business insolvency filings and excluding 2016, declared assets and liabilities decreased after the recession of 2008–09 and slightly increased during the 2012–2016 period. Declared assets were notably smaller than declared liabilities, resulting in significant assets/liabilities deficits throughout the period.

About the OSB

The Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy (OSB) is responsible for supervising all estates and matters to which the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (BIA) applies, as well as certain matters under the Companies and Creditors Arrangement Act (CCAA).

The OSB licenses and regulates the insolvency profession; supervises the administration of estates in bankruptcy, commercial reorganizations, consumer proposals and receiverships; maintains a public record of BIA and CCAA filings; records and investigates complaints from debtors and creditors regarding the insolvency process; and ensures compliance through maintenance and enforcement of the regulatory framework.

The OSB proactively disseminates insolvency statistics through a variety of channels, such as monthly, quarterly and annual insolvency statistics reports, and annual insolvency rates reports. Insolvency statistics are also found on Canada's Open Government web portal.

Insolvency Trends in Canada

Insolvency Volumes

Total insolvency volumes

Total insolvency volumes in Canada include bankruptcies and proposals filed by consumers or businesses. A business is defined as any commercial entity or organization other than an individual, or an individual who has incurred 50% or more of total liabilities as a result of operating a business.

Total insolvency volumes increased by a compound annual rate of 1.9%, from 108,905 in 2007 to 129.727 in 2016, with a peak of 158,441 in 2009. Bankruptcies decreased by 2.8% per year, from 86,140 in 2007 to 66,256 in 2016. Proposals, however, increased by 12.1% per year, from 22,765 in 2007 to 63,471 in 2016 (Figure 1).

Figure 1: Total Insolvency Volumes in Canada by Insolvency Type

Line chart representing the total Insolvency Volumes in Canada by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 1
Total Insolvency Volumes in Canada by Insolvency Type
Volumes 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 108,905 123,234 158,441 140,234 127,774 122,751 122,959 122,269 125,716 129,727
Bankruptcies 86,140 96,774 121,801 96,766 81,636 74,731 72,411 67,955 66,495 66,256
Proposals 22,765 26,460 36,640 43,468 46,138 48,020 50,548 54,314 59,221 63,471

In 2007, bankruptcies accounted for 79% of total insolvency volumes. This percentage decreased throughout the years, dropping to 51% in 2016. In contrast, the volume and percentage of proposals increased during this period, representing 49% of total insolvencies in 2016.

Consumer insolvency volumes

Consumer insolvency filings represent the majority of insolvency filings in Canada (97% in 2016) and are the trendsetter for total insolvency volumes. They increased by 2.4% per year, from 101,293 in 2007 to 125,878 in 2016, with a peak of 151,712 in 2009.

Consumer proposals increased proportionally and in volumes while consumer bankruptcies experienced the opposite (Figure 2).

Figure 2: Consumer Insolvency Volumes in Canada by Insolvency Type

Line chart representing Consumer Insolvency Volumes in Canada by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 2
Consumer Insolvency Volumes in Canada by Insolvency Type
Volumes 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 101,293 115,789 151,712 135,008 122,999 118,398 118,678 118,050 121,609 125,878
Bankruptcies 79,847 90,610 116,381 92,694 77,993 71,495 69,224 64,839 63,406 63,372
Proposals 21,446 25,179 35,331 42,314 45,006 46,903 49,454 53,211 58,203 62,506

Business insolvency volumes

Business insolvency volumes, a small portion of total insolvency volumes, decreased by 7.3% per year, from 7,612 in 2007 to 3,849 in 2016. Both business bankruptcies and business proposals decreased during this period, with proposals falling at a slower pace (Figure 3).

Figure 3: Business Insolvency Volumes in Canada by Insolvency Type

Line chart representing Business Insolvency Volumes in Canada by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 3
Business Insolvency Volumes in Canada by Insolvency Type
Volumes 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 7,612 7,445 6,729 5,226 4,775 4,353 4,281 4,219 4,107 3,849
Bankruptcies 6,293 6,164 5,420 4,072 3,643 3,236 3,187 3,116 3,089 2,884
Proposals 1,319 1,281 1,309 1,154 1,132 1,117 1,094 1,103 1,018 965
Further details regarding insolvency trends for the provinces and territories are included in annexes A and C.

Insolvency Rates

Insolvency rates are calculated as the number of insolvencies per thousand. They are calculated for consumers and businesses, overall, and for bankruptcies and proposals.

Consumer insolvency rates

About 4 out of 1,000 Canadian residents aged 18 years and older filed for consumer insolvency every year during the 2007–2016 period (Figure 4).

There was a noticeable increase in this number during the 2008–09 recession to around 6 and a gradual decrease afterwards to pre-recession levels.

The number of Canadian residents filing a consumer proposal gradually increased from 0.8 per thousand in 2007 to 2.2 per thousand in 2016. The reverse trend was observed for bankruptcies.

Figure 4: Consumer Insolvency Rates in Canada by Insolvency Type

Line chart representing Consumer Insolvency Rates in Canada by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 4
Consumer Insolvency Rates in Canada by Insolvency Type
Insolvency rates 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 3.9 4.4 5.8 5.1 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.4
Bankruptcies 3.1 3.4 4.5 3.5 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.2
Proposals 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.2

Business insolvency rates

The number of businesses filing for insolvency per thousand was on a downward trend during the 2007–2016 period (Figure 5).

It declined from around 3 businesses per thousand in 2007 to 1 business per thousand in 2016. The number of businesses filing for bankruptcy per thousand declined at a faster pace than the number of businesses filing a proposal per thousand.

Figure 5: Business Insolvency Rates in Canada by Insolvency Type

Line chart representing Business Insolvency Rates in Canada by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 5
Business Insolvency Rates in Canada by Insolvency Type
Insolvency rates 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.3 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.1 1.0
Bankruptcies 2.6 2.6 2.4 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.2 0.8 0.7
Proposals 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2
Further details regarding consumer and business insolvency rates are included in annexes B and C.

Demographic Overviews

This section includes trends of insolvent consumers by age and gender; and trends of insolvent businesses by North American Industry Classification System.

Consumers

Age

The age of insolvent consumers is collected at the time of filing. For the trend analysis, insolvent consumers are grouped into four age groups: "18 to 24 years," "25 to 44 years," "45 to 64 years," and "65 years and older." Also considered in the analysis is a comparison of each age group's share of insolvent consumers to its share of the Canadian population aged 18 years and older.

Overall, age groups "25 to 44 years" and "45 to 64 years" account for 85.8% of all insolvent consumers, while their share of the Canadian population is about 70%.

18 to 24 years old

About 6,000 Canadian residents aged 18 to 24 filed for insolvency in 2007, a number that grew during the recession but gradually decreased to around 4,200 in 2016 (Figure 6).

Figure 6: Consumer Insolvency Volumes for Age Group 18 to 24 Years Old by Insolvency Type

Line chart representing Consumer Insolvency Volumes for Age Group 18 to 24 Years Old by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 6
Consumer Insolvency Volumes for Age Group 18 to 24 Years Old by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 5,890 6,271 6,617 4,545 3,285 3,029 3,435 3,382 3,825 4,187
Bankruptcies 4,873 5,183 5,485 3,417 2,367 2,122 2,199 2,103 2,306 2,451
Proposals 1,017 1,088 1,132 1,128 918 907 1,236 1,279 1,519 1,736

Bankruptcy was by far the primary choice of insolvent Canadian residents in this age group in 2007, although the gap between bankruptcies and proposals grew smaller during the following years.


This age group's share of all insolvent consumers decreased from about 6% in 2007 to 3% in 2016 (Figure 7). However, its share of the Canadian population aged 18 years and older was steady at about 12%.

Figure 7: Age Group 18 to 24, Share of Population Versus Share of Insolvent Consumers

Bar chart representing Age Group 18 to 24, Share of Population Versus Share of Insolvent Consumers (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy
CANSIM Table 051-0001

Description of Figure 7
Age Group 18 to 24, Share of Population Versus Share of Insolvent Consumers
% Share 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Share of Population 12.1% 12.1% 12.1% 12.0% 12.0% 12.0% 11.9% 11.8% 11.6% 11.4%
Share of Insolvent Consumers 6% 5% 4% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3%
25 to 44 years old

About 53,000 Canadian residents aged 25 to 44 filed for insolvency in 2007, a number that grew during the recession but gradually decreased afterwards. It settled at around 57,000 in 2016, about 7.5% higher than in 2007 (Figure 8).

Bankruptcy was the primary choice of insolvent Canadian residents in this age group in 2007. However, by 2016, proposals were slightly more prevalent than bankruptcies.

Figure 8: Consumer Insolvency Volumes for Age Group 25 to 44 Years Old by Insolvency Type

Line chart representing Consumer Insolvency Volumes for Age Group 25 to 44 Years Old by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 8
Consumer Insolvency Volumes for Age Group 25 to 44 years old by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 52,846 59,721 76,328 64,697 57,202 54,544 54,034 53,412 54,746 56,835
Bankruptcies 41,248 46,265 58,038 43,884 35,556 32,186 30,599 27,959 27,044 26,687
Proposals 11,598 13,456 18,290 20,813 21,646 22,358 23,435 25,453 27,702 30,148

This age group's share of all insolvent consumers decreased from 52% in 2007 to 45% in 2016 (Figure 9). Its share of the Canadian population aged 18 years and older was stable at about one third.

Figure 9: Age Group 25 to 44, Share of Population Versus Share of Insolvent Consumers

Bar chart representing Age Group 25 to 44, Share of Population Versus Share of Insolvent Consumers (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy
CANSIM Table 051-0001

Description of Figure 9
Age Group 25 to 44, Share of Population Versus Share of Insolvent Consumers
% Share 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Share of Population 36% 35% 35% 34% 34% 34% 34% 34% 34% 34%
Share of Insolvent Consumers 52% 52% 50% 48% 47% 46% 46% 45% 45% 45%
45 to 64 years old

About 36,000 Canadian residents aged 45 to 64 filed for insolvency in 2007, a number that grew during the recession and stayed flat at around 51,000 (Figure 10).

Bankruptcy was the primary choice of insolvent Canadian residents in this age group in 2007. However, by 2016, their choice was split in half between proposals and bankruptcies.

Figure 10: Consumer Insolvency Volumes for Age Group 45 to 64 Years Old by Insolvency Type

Line chart representing Consumer Insolvency Volumes for Age Group 45 to 64 Years Old by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 10
Consumer Insolvency Volumes for Age Group 45 to 64 years old by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 35,947 41,960 58,208 54,563 51,255 49,969 49,935 49,431 50,406 51,084
Bankruptcies 27,976 32,298 43,882 36,429 31,562 29,369 28,389 26,668 25,710 25,291
Proposals 7,971 9,662 14,326 18,134 19,693 20,600 21,546 22,763 24,696 25,793

This age group's share of all insolvent consumers increased from 36% in 2007 to 41% in 2016 (Figure 11). Its share of the Canadian population aged 18 years and older was stable at about one third.

Figure 11: Age Group 45 to 64, Share of Population Versus Share of Insolvent Consumers

Line chart representing Age Group 45 to 64, Share of Population Versus Share of Insolvent Consumers (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy
CANSIM Table 051-0001

Description of Figure 11
Age Group 45 to 64, Share of Population Versus Share of Insolvent Consumers
% Share 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Share of Population 35% 35% 36% 36% 36% 36% 35% 35% 35% 34%
Share of Insolvent Consumers 36% 36% 38% 40% 42% 42% 42% 42% 41% 41%

65 years and older

About 6,600 Canadian residents aged 65 and older filed for insolvency in 2007, a number that grew during the recession and reached 14,000 in 2016 (Figure 12).

Figure 12: Consumer Insolvency Volumes for Age Group 65 Years and Older by Insolvency Type

Line chart representing Consumer Insolvencies for Age Group 65 Years and Older by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 12
Consumer Insolvency Volumes for Age Group 65 Years and Older by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 6,574 7,804 10,505 11,168 11,247 10,842 11,267 11,816 12,626 13,769
Bankruptcies 5,722 6,835 8,933 8,936 8,501 7,806 8,031 8,100 8,341 8,940
Proposals 852 969 1,572 2,232 2,746 3,036 3,236 3,716 4,285 4,829

Bankruptcy was by far the primary choice of insolvent Canadian residents in this age group in 2007. However, by 2016, the gap between bankruptcies and proposals grew somewhat smaller.


This age group's share of all insolvent consumers increased from 6% in 2007 to 11% in 2016 (Figure 13). Its share of the Canadian population aged 18 years and older also grew from about 17% in 2007 to 20% in 2016.

Figure 13: Age Group 65 Years and Older, Share of Population Versus Share of Insolvent Consumers

Bar chart representing Age Group 65 Years and Older, Share of Population Versus Share of Insolvent Consumers (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy
CANSIM Table 051-0001

Description of Figure 13
Age Group 65 Years and Older, Share of Population Versus Share of Insolvent Consumers
% Share 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Share of Population 17% 17% 17% 18% 18% 19% 19% 20% 20% 20%
Share of Insolvent Consumers 6% 7% 7% 8% 9% 9% 9% 10% 10% 11%

Gender

The distribution of insolvent consumers by gender was fairly stable over the 2007–2016 period. Males' share of the total (53% in 2016) was slightly higher than females (47% in 2016), while their share of the Canadian population was historically lower than females. It was about 49.6% in 2016 (Figure 14).

Figure 14: Gender Distribution of All Insolvent Consumers

Bar chart representing Gender Distribution of All Insolvent Consumers (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 14
Gender Distribution of all Insolvent Consumers
Gender 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Male 55.1% 54.4% 53.7% 52.8% 52.5% 52.6% 52.7% 52.8% 53.4% 53.2%
Female 44.9% 45.6% 46.3% 47.2% 47.5% 47.4% 47.3% 47.2% 46.6% 46.8%

The distributions of consumer bankruptcies and proposals by gender are included in Figures 15 and 16. They are very similar to the overall distribution. In 2016, males represented 53% of consumer bankruptcies and 53% of consumer proposals.

Figure 15: Gender Distribution of Consumers Who Filed a Bankruptcy

Bar chart representing Gender Distribution of Consumers Who Filed a Bankruptcy (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 15
Gender Distribution of Consumers who Filed a Bankruptcy
Gender 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Male 54.7% 53.8% 53.5% 52.2% 51.9% 52.0% 52.2% 52.5% 53.4% 53.5%
Female 45.3% 46.2% 46.5% 47.8% 48.1% 48.0% 47.8% 47.5% 46.6% 46.5%

Figure 16: Gender Distribution of Consumers Who Filed a Proposal

Bar chart representing Gender Distribution of Consumers Who Filed a Proposal (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 16
Gender Distribution of Consumers who Filed a Proposal
Gender 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Male 56.7% 56.4% 54.5% 54.2% 53.5% 53.4% 53.3% 53.1% 53.3% 53.0%
Female 43.3% 43.6% 45.5% 45.8% 46.5% 46.6% 46.7% 46.9% 46.7% 47.0%

Businesses

North American Industry Classification System Code

The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) has twenty business sectors. This section focuses on the top five NAICS sectors based on the highest insolvency volumes. These top five sectors are Construction, Manufacturing, Retail Trade, Transportation and Warehousing, and Accommodation and Food Service. Together they represent about 60% of all business insolvencies throughout the period. The share of these sectors in all Canadian businesses decreased from 34% in 2007 to 25% in 2016.

Construction

The number of businesses that filed for insolvency in the construction sector was on a downward trend during the 2007–2016 period. The number dropped from close to 1,300 in 2007 to around 700 in 2016 (Figure 17).

Figure 17: Construction Sector, Business Insolvency Volumes by Insolvency Type

Line chart representing Construction Sector, Business Insolvency Volumes by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 17
Construction Sector, Business Insolvency Volumes by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 1,287 1,239 999 863 782 833 748 719 775 711
Bankruptcies 1,087 1,073 833 696 620 607 564 530 572 520
Proposals 200 166 166 167 162 226 184 189 203 191

This sector's share of insolvent Canadian businesses was stable at around 18% during the 2007–2016 period. Its share of all Canadian businesses is about 10% (Figure 18).

Figure 18: Construction Sector, Share of Insolvent Businesses Versus Share of Canadian Businesses

Bar chart representing Construction Sector, Share of Insolvent Businesses Versus Share of Canadian Businesses (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy
Statistics Canada

Description of Figure 18
Construction Sector, Share of Insolvent Businesses versus its Share of Canadian Businesses
% Shares 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Canadian Businesses 12% 11% 12% 12% 12% 12% 12% 12% 9% 9%
Insolvent Businesses 17% 17% 15% 17% 16% 19% 17% 17% 19% 18%
Manufacturing

The number of businesses that filed for insolvency in the manufacturing sector was on a downward trend during the 2007–2016 period. The number dropped from close to 800 in 2007 to around 300 in 2016 (Figure 19).

Figure 19: Manufacturing Sector, Business Insolvency Volumes by Insolvency Type

Line chart representing Manufacturing Sector, Business Insolvency Volumes by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 19
Manufacturing Sector, Business Insolvency Volumes by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 758 793 759 564 554 435 423 386 380 299
Bankruptcies 585 626 586 426 393 308 295 276 267 216
Proposals 173 167 173 138 161 127 128 110 113 83

This sector's share of insolvent Canadian businesses increased during the recession but ended the period at 8%, almost 2 percentage points lower than its starting level of 10%. Its share of all Canadian businesses hovers around 3% (Figure 20).

Figure 20: Manufacturing Sector, Share of Insolvent Businesses Versus Share of Canadian Businesses

Bar chart representing Manufacturing Sector, Share of Insolvent Businesses Versus Share of Canadian Businesses (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy, Statistics Canada

Description of Figure 20
Manufacturing Sector, Share of Insolvent Businesses versus Share of Canadian Businesses
% Share 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Canadian Businesses 4% 4% 4% 4% 3% 3% 3% 3% 2% 2%
Insolvent Businesses 10% 11% 11% 11% 12% 10% 10% 9% 9% 8%
Retail Trade

The number of businesses that filed for insolvency in the retail trade sector was on a downward trend during the 2007–2016 period. The number dropped from close to 1,100 in 2007 to around 450 in 2016 (Figure 21).

Figure 21: Retail Trade Sector, Business Insolvency Volumes by Insolvency Type

Line chart representing Retail Trade Sector, Business Insolvency Volumes by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy, Statistics Canada

Description of Figure 21
Retail Trade Sector, Business Insolvency Volumes by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 1083 989 946 752 648 571 528 498 502 454
Bankruptcies 900 837 783 604 505 435 421 376 385 331
Proposals 183 152 163 148 143 136 107 122 117 123

This sector's share of insolvent Canadian businesses dropped from 14% in 2007 to 12% in 2016. Its share of all Canadian businesses decreased to around 6% in 2016 (Figure 22).

Figure 22: Retail Trade Sector, Share of Insolvent Businesses Versus Share of Canadian Businesses

Bar chart representing Retail Trade Sector, Share of Insolvent Businesses Versus Share of Canadian Businesses (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy, Statistics Canada

Description of Figure 22
Retail Trade Sector, Share of Insolvent Businesses versus Share of Canadian Businesses
% Share 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Canadian Businesses 9% 9% 9% 8% 8% 8% 8% 8% 6% 6%
Insolvent Businesses 14% 13% 14% 14% 14% 13% 12% 12% 12% 12%
Transportation and Warehousing

The number of businesses that filed for insolvency in the transportation and warehousing sector increased during the recession and dropped significantly afterwards to settle around 220 (Figure 23).

Figure 23: Transportation and Warehousing Sector, Business Insolvency Volumes by Insolvency Type

Line chart representing Transportation and Warehousing Sector, Business Insolvency Volumes by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 23
Transportation and Warehousing Sector, Business Insolvency Volumes by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 708 783 597 403 310 259 237 273 219 225
Bankruptcies 601 652 479 334 252 213 187 185 159 177
Proposals 107 131 118 69 58 46 50 88 60 48

This sector's share of insolvent Canadian businesses increased during the recession from 9% to 11% and dropped to 6% in 2016. Its share of all Canadian businesses hovers around 5% (Figure 24).

Figure 24: Transportation and Warehousing Sector, Share of Insolvent Businesses Versus Share of Canadian Businesses

Bar chart representing Transportation and Warehousing Sector, Share of Insolvent Businesses Versus Share of Canadian Businesses (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy, Statistics Canada

Description of Figure 24
Transportation and Warehousing Sector, Share of Insolvent Businesses versus Share of Canadian Businesses
% Share 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Canadian Businesses 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 6% 6% 5% 5%
Insolvent Businesses 9% 11% 9% 8% 6% 6% 6% 6% 5% 6%
Accommodation and Food Services

The number of businesses that filed for insolvency in the accommodation and food services sector was on a downward trend during the 2007–2016 period. The number dropped from close to 900 in 2007 to around 640 in 2010 and stayed flat afterwards (Figure 25).

Figure 25: Accommodation and Food Services Sector, Business Insolvency Volumes by Insolvency Type

Line chart representing Accommodation and Food Services Sector, Business Insolvency Volumes by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 25
Accommodation and Food Services Sector, Business Insolvency Volumes by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 867 865 815 639 658 624 660 660 658 610
Bankruptcies 728 739 635 473 510 440 480 493 526 473
Proposals 139 126 180 166 148 184 180 167 132 137

This sector's share of total insolvent Canadian businesses increased from 11% in 2007 to 16% in 2016. Its share of all Canadian businesses hovers around 3% to 4% (Figure 26).

Figure 26: Accommodation and Food Services Sector, Share of Insolvent Businesses Versus Share of Canadian Businesses

Bar chart representing Accommodation and Food Services Sector, Share of Insolvent Businesses Versus Share of Canadian Businesses (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy, Statistics Canada

Description of Figure 26
Accommodation and Food Services Sector, Share of Insolvent Businesses versus Share of Canadian Businesses
% Share 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Canadian Businesses 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 3% 3%
Insolvent Businesses 11% 12% 12% 12% 14% 14% 15% 16% 16% 16%

Data tables that were used to generate the graphs above are included in Annex D.

Financial Overview

This section presents trends of assets and liabilities declared at the time of filing of insolvent consumers and businesses. It also presents trends of the assets/liabilities deficit position of insolvent consumers and businesses.

Assets and liabilities of insolvent consumers

Overall, declared assets by insolvent consumers increased during the 2007–2016 period, from $4.3 billion in 2007 to $10.8 billion in 2016. Declared liabilities followed a similar trend, increasing from $7.5 billion to $15 billion, with a peak of $16.7 billion in 2009 (Figure 27).

The assets/liabilities deficit position of insolvent consumers increased during the 2008–09 recession reaching $6 billion, but decreased afterwards to pre-recession levels.

Figure 27: Assets and Liabilities of Insolvent Consumers

Bar and line chart representing Assets and Liabilities of Insolvent Consumers (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 27
Assets and Liabilities of Insolvent Consumers
Assets and Liabilities 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Assets ($M) 4,334 6,259 11,325 10,426 10,373 10,286 10,529 10,430 10,474 10,813
Liabilities ($M) 7,516 10,092 16,715 16,524 14,639 14,347 14,403 14,594 14,126 15,065
Deficit ($M) 3,182 3,833 5,390 6,098 4,267 4,061 3,874 4,164 3,651 4,253

For consumers who filed a bankruptcy, declared assets and liabilities followed a similar trend as overall consumers (Figure 28). Their assets/liabilities deficit position increased during the 2009 recession reaching $6 billion and decreased afterwards to $4 billion, about $1 billion higher than in 2007.

Figure 28: Assets and Liabilities of Insolvent Consumers Who Filed a Bankruptcy

Bar and line chart representing Assets and Liabilities of Insolvent Consumers Who Filed a Bankruptcy (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 28
Assets and Liabilities of Insolvent Consumers who Filed a Bankruptcy
Assets and Liabilities 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Assets ($M) 2,617 3,807 6,985 5,237 4,758 4,172 3,992 3,697 3,528 3,582
Liabilities ($M) 5,548 7,414 12,107 11,025 8,651 8,187 7,923 7,809 7,031 7,537
Deficit ($M) 2,931 3,607 5,121 5,788 3,893 4,015 3,930 4,112 3,503 3,956

For consumers who filed a proposal, declared assets and liabilities steadily increased during this period (Figure 29). Declared assets increased from $1.7 billion in 2007 to $7.2 billion in 2016, while declared liabilities increased from $1.9 billion in 2007 to $7.5 billion in 2016. Their assets/liabilities deficit position was very small throughout the period, compared to consumers who filed a bankruptcy.

Figure 29: Assets and Liabilities of Insolvent Consumers Who Filed a Proposal

Bar and line chart representing Assets and Liabilities of Insolvent Consumers Who Filed a Proposal (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 29
Assets and Liabilities of Insolvent Consumers who Filed a Proposal
Assets and Liabilities 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Assets ($M) 1,718 2,452 4,340 5,189 5,615 6,114 6,536 6,733 6,946 7,231
Liabilities ($M) 1,968 2,678 4,608 5,499 5,989 6,160 6,480 6,785 7,095 7,528
Deficit 250 226 269 310 374 46 -56 52 149 297

Assets and liabilities of insolvent businesses

Overall, trends of declared assets and liabilities by insolvent businesses are more volatile. A small number of large business insolvency filings have a disproportionate effect on overall values and may cause significant swings from year to year. This is exemplified in the $17 billion liabilities figure of 2016, originating from a small number of business filings.

In aggregate, declared assets by insolvent businesses fluctuated between $681 million and $2.1 billion during the 2007–2016 period. Excluding 2016, declared liabilities decreased after the 2008–09 recession and remained somewhat flat at around $5 billion. The large value of liabilities compared to assets resulted in large assets/liabilities deficits (Figure 30).

Figure 30: Assets and Liabilities of Insolvent Businesses

Bar and line chart representing Assets and Liabilities of Insolvent Businesses (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy
* A small number of business filings account for this jump.

Description of Figure 30
Assets and Liabilities of Insolvent Businesses
Assets and Liabilities 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Assets ($M) 998 1,641 1,375 2,159 865 738 970 1,301 681 783
Liabilities ($M) 6,767 8,396 6,916 10,025 6,168 4,370 4,872 5,662 5,945 17,102
Deficit 5,769 6,755 5,540 7,866 5,303 3,632 3,902 4,360 5,264 16,319

In aggregate, declared assets by insolvent businesses that filed a bankruptcy were much smaller than declared liabilities, which resulted in large assets/liabilities deficits. Declared assets fluctuated between $478 million and $1.8 billion. Excluding 2016, declared liabilities decreased after the 2008–09 recession to around $3 billion in 2012 and regained a slight upward trend during the 2013–2015 period (Figure 31).

Figure 31: Assets and Liabilities of Insolvent Businesses that Filed a Bankruptcy

Bar and line chart representing Assets and Liabilities of Insolvent Businesses that Filed a Bankruptcy (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy
* A small number of business filings account for this jump.

Description of Figure 31
Assets and Liabilities of Insolvent Businesses that Filed a Bankruptcy
Assets and Liabilities 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Assets ($M) 795 1,401 1,055 1,897 708 572 701 1,072 478 681
Liabilities ($M) 5,722 7,073 5,550 8,575 4,778 3,066 3,446 3,692 4,532 15,713
Deficit 4,927 5,672 4,495 6,678 4,069 2,494 2,744 2,620 4,054 15,033

In aggregate, declared assets by insolvent businesses that filed a proposal were also much smaller than declared liabilities, which resulted in large assets/liabilities deficits. They fluctuated between $103 million and $320 million. Declared liabilities were flat at around $1.4 billion with the exception of 2007 and 2014 (Figure 32).

Figure 32: Assets and Liabilities of Insolvent Businesses that Filed a Proposal

Bar and line chart representing Assets and Liabilities of Insolvent Businesses that Filed a Proposal (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 32
Assets and Liabilities of Insolvent Businesses that Filed a Proposal
Assets and Liabilities 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Assets ($M) 203 240 320 262 157 166 268 230 202 103
Liabilities ($M) 1,045 1,323 1,366 1,451 1,390 1,304 1,426 1,970 1,413 1,389
Deficit 842 1,083 1,046 1,188 1,234 1,138 1,158 1,740 1,210 1,286

Data tables that were used to generate the graphs above are included in Annex E.

Annex A: Consumer and Business Insolvency Volumes by Province and Territory

Consumer Volumes

Figure 33: Newfoundland and Labrador

Line chart representing Consumer Volumes for Newfoundland and Labrador (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 33
Consumer Insolvency Volumes in Newfoundland and Labrador by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 2,215 2,180 2,667 2,521 2,081 1,750 1,678 1,545 1,822 2,399
Bankruptcies 2,121 2,133 2,542 2,378 1,957 1,611 1,524 1,348 1,498 1,552
Proposals 94 47 125 143 124 139 154 197 324 847

Figure 34: Prince Edward Island

Line chart representing Consumer Insolvency Volumes in Prince Edward Island by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 34
Consumer Insolvency Volumes in Prince Edward Island by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 326 467 546 576 620 618 617 721 806 802
Bankruptcies 297 444 513 512 520 472 440 502 519 500
Proposals 29 23 33 64 100 146 177 219 287 302

Figure 35: Nova Scotia

Line chart representing Consumer Insolvency Volumes in Nova Scotia by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 35
Consumer Insolvency Volumes in Nova Scotia by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 4,020 4,552 5,314 5,130 4,556 4,282 4,660 5,227 5,232 5,948
Bankruptcies 3,487 3,970 4,579 4,180 3,587 3,221 3,295 3,726 3,648 4,191
Proposals 533 582 735 950 969 1,061 1,365 1,501 1,584 1,757

Figure 36: New Brunswick

Line chart representing Consumer Insolvency Volumes in New Brunswick  by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 36
Consumer Insolvency Volumes in New Brunswick by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 2,754 3,069 3,842 3,713 3,500 3,843 3,955 4,308 4,331 4,442
Bankruptcies 2,454 2,655 3,287 3,109 2,848 2,906 2,846 3,021 2,814 2,904
Proposals 300 414 555 604 652 937 1,109 1,287 1,517 1,538

Figure 37: Quebec

Line chart representing Consumer Insolvency Volumes in Quebec by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 37
Consumer Insolvency Volumes in Quebec by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 29,916 34,276 41,588 37,771 35,768 35,925 39,947 41,554 43,705 43,009
Bankruptcies 25,072 28,317 33,989 28,100 25,627 24,399 25,221 24,447 24,539 24,241
Proposals 4,844 5,959 7,599 9,671 10,141 11,526 14,726 17,107 19,166 18,768

Figure 38: Ontario

Line chart representing Consumer Insolvency Volumes in Ontario by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 38
Consumer Insolvency Volumes in Ontario by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 43,413 50,442 66,935 56,619 50,460 47,381 44,134 41,108 39,935 39,611
Bankruptcies 31,439 36,200 46,521 33,000 25,529 23,236 21,773 19,234 17,958 16,904
Proposals 11,974 14,242 20,414 23,619 24,931 24,145 22,361 21,874 21,977 22,707

Figure 39: Manitoba

Line chart representing  Consumer Insolvency Volumes in Manitoba by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 39
Consumer Insolvency Volumes in Manitoba by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 2,585 2,601 3,082 2,673 2,155 1,877 1,852 1,891 2,098 2,607
Bankruptcies 2,041 2,025 2,443 1,994 1,514 1,276 1,214 1,200 1,264 1,448
Proposals 544 576 639 679 641 601 638 691 834 1,159

Figure 40: Saskatchewan

Line chart representing Consumer Insolvency Volumes in Saskatchewan by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 40
Consumer Insolvency Volumes in Saskatchewan by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 2,003 1,867 2,433 2,326 2,055 1,731 1,690 1,938 2,198 2,960
Bankruptcies 1,463 1,451 1,794 1,528 1,272 1,001 1,038 1,105 1,155 1,421
Proposals 540 416 639 798 783 730 652 833 1,043 1,539

Figure 41: Alberta

Line chart representing Consumer Insolvency Volumes in Alberta by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 41
Consumer Insolvency Volumes in Alberta by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 5,947 7,388 12,076 10,870 10,040 9,202 8,258 8,281 9,810 13,170
Bankruptcies 4,768 6,066 9,986 8,150 7,029 5,759 4,689 3,859 4,280 5,427
Proposals 1,179 1,322 2,090 2,720 3,011 3,443 3,569 4,422 5,530 7,743

Figure 42: British Columbia

Line chart representing Consumer Insolvency Volumes in British Columbia by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 42
Consumer Insolvency Volumes in British Columbia by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 8,055 8,882 13,129 12,723 11,676 11,696 11,802 11,383 11,580 10,806
Bankruptcies 6,651 7,293 10,639 9,674 8,040 7,562 7,130 6,345 5,683 4,719
Proposals 1,404 1,589 2,490 3,049 3,636 4,134 4,672 5,038 5,897 6,087

Figure 43: Northwest Territories

Line chart representing Consumer Insolvency Volumes in Northwest Territories by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 43
Consumer Insolvency Volumes in Northwest Territories by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 34 25 47 43 45 53 51 49 52 60
Bankruptcies 31 22 39 31 33 29 31 26 28 35
Proposals 3 3 8 12 12 24 20 23 24 25

Figure 44: Yukon

Line chart representing Consumer Insolvency Volumes in Yukon by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 44
Consumer Insolvency Volumes in Yukon by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 22 31 44 39 36 37 29 39 35 55
Bankruptcies 20 27 41 34 31 23 20 22 18 27
Proposals 2 4 3 5 5 14 9 17 17 28

Figure 45: Nunavut

Line chart representing Consumer Insolvency Volumes in Nunavut by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 45
Consumer Insolvency Volumes in Nunavut by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 3 9 9 4 7 3 5 6 5 9
Bankruptcies 3 7 8 4 6 0 3 4 2 3
Proposals 0 2 1 0 1 3 2 2 3 6

Business Volumes

Figure 46: Newfoundland and Labrador

Line chart representing Business Insolvency Volumes in Newfoundland and Labrador by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 46
Business Insolvency Volumes in Newfoundland and Labrador by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 54 40 34 23 26 19 32 30 27 28
Bankruptcies 52 39 33 21 24 15 21 27 21 22
Proposals 2 1 1 2 2 4 11 3 6 6

Figure 47: Prince Edward Island

Line chart representing Business Insolvency Volumes in Prince Edward Island by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 47
Business Insolvency Volumes in Prince Edward Island by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 37 20 31 22 17 17 23 18 16 13
Bankruptcies 32 14 27 16 15 13 18 13 12 7
Proposals 5 6 4 6 2 4 5 5 4 6

Figure 48: Nova Scotia

Line chart representing Business Insolvency Volumes in Nova Scotia by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 48
Business Insolvency Volumes in Nova Scotia by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 228 193 166 167 113 106 111 77 93 75
Bankruptcies 206 162 146 138 95 86 84 52 69 63
Proposals 22 31 20 29 18 20 27 25 24 12

Figure 49: New Brunswick

Line chart representing Business Insolvency Volumes in New Brunswick by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 49
Business Insolvency Volumes in New Brunswick by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 183 243 132 83 60 70 82 87 80 59
Bankruptcies 151 196 101 70 43 53 64 68 59 45
Proposals 32 47 31 13 17 17 18 19 21 14

Figure 50: Quebec

Line chart representing Business Insolvency Volumes in Quebec by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 50
Business Insolvency Volumes in Quebec by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 2,541 2,711 2,526 2,099 2,127 2,019 2,180 2,337 2,237 2,197
Bankruptcies 2,035 2,157 1,894 1,520 1,569 1,488 1,591 1,690 1,684 1,660
Proposals 506 554 632 579 558 531 589 647 553 537

Figure 51: Ontario

Line chart representing Business Insolvency Volumes in Ontario by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 51
Business Insolvency Volumes in Ontario by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 3,041 2,852 2,559 1,860 1,614 1,361 1,220 1,090 1,141 940
Bankruptcies 2,585 2,437 2,208 1,533 1,276 1,042 958 835 884 691
Proposals 456 415 351 327 338 319 262 255 257 249

Figure 52: Manitoba

Line chart representing Business Insolvency Volumes in Manitoba by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 52
Business Insolvency Volumes in Manitoba by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 112 112 88 78 74 49 67 57 38 52
Bankruptcies 102 103 65 68 60 36 55 48 26 34
Proposals 10 9 23 10 14 13 12 9 12 18

Figure 53: Saskatchewan

Line chart representing Business Insolvency Volumes in Saskatchewan by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 53
Business Insolvency Volumes in Saskatchewan by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 274 205 219 144 157 129 115 124 119 117
Bankruptcies 204 150 161 99 104 79 68 77 85 91
Proposals 70 55 58 45 53 50 47 47 34 26

Figure 54: Alberta

Line chart representing Business Insolvency volumes in Alberta by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 54
Business Insolvency volumes in Alberta by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 554 524 486 464 341 312 194 141 134 168
Bankruptcies 449 447 405 378 264 230 137 105 95 121
Proposals 105 77 81 86 77 82 57 36 39 47

Figure 55: British Columbia

Line chart representing Business Insolvency Volumes in British Columbia by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 55
Business Insolvency Volumes in British Columbia by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 579 540 485 283 243 268 255 256 222 199
Bankruptcies 470 454 380 229 192 192 189 200 154 149
Proposals 109 86 105 54 51 76 66 56 68 50

Figure 56: Northwest Territories

Line chart representing Business Insolvency Volumes in Northwest Territories by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 56
Business Insolvency Volumes in Northwest Territories by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 4 1 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 0
Bankruptcies 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Proposals 2 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 0

Figure 57: Yukon

Line chart representing Business Insolvency Volumes in Yukon by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 57
Business Insolvency Volumes in Yukon by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 3 4 2 2 1 1 2 1 0 0
Bankruptcies 3 4 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0
Proposals 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 0

Figure 58: Nunavut

Line chart representing Business Insolvency Volumes in Nunavut by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 58
Business Insolvency Volumes in Nunavut by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
Bankruptcies 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
Proposals 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Annex B – Consumer and Business Insolvency Rates by Province and Territory

Consumer Insolvency Rates

Figure 59: Newfoundland and Labrador

Line chart representing Consumer Insolvency Rates in Newfoundland and Labrador by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 59
Consumer Insolvency Rates in Newfoundland and Labrador by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 5.4 5.3 6.5 6.1 5.0 4.3 4.1 3.6 4.3 5.6
Bankruptcies 5.2 5.2 6.2 5.8 4.7 3.9 3.7 3.1 3.5 3.6
Proposals 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.8 2.0

Figure 60: Prince Edward Island

Line chart representing Consumer Insolvency Rates in Prince Edward Island by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 60
Consumer Insolvency Rates in Prince Edward Island by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 3.0 4.2 5.0 5.2 5.5 5.3 5.3 6.2 7.0 6.9
Bankruptcies 2.7 4.0 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.1 3.8 4.3 4.5 4.3
Proposals 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.3 1.5 1.9 2.5 2.6

Figure 61: Nova Scotia

Line chart representing Consumer Insolvency Rates in Nova Scotia by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 61
Consumer Insolvency Rates in Nova Scotia by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 5.3 6.0 7.2 6.9 6.1 5.7 6.2 7.0 6.9 7.8
Bankruptcies 4.6 5.2 6.2 5.6 4.8 4.3 4.4 5.0 4.8 5.5
Proposals 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.3

Figure 62: New Brunswick

Line chart representing Consumer Insolvency Rates in New Brunswick by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 62
Consumer Insolvency Rates in New Brunswick by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 4.5 5.1 6.5 6.3 5.9 6.5 6.6 7.2 7.2 7.4
Bankruptcies 4.1 4.4 5.5 5.3 4.8 4.9 4.8 5.0 4.7 4.8
Proposals 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.6 1.9 2.1 2.5 2.6

Figure 63: Quebec

Line chart representing  (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 63
Consumer Insolvency Rates in Quebec by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 4.8 5.5 6.8 6.1 5.7 5.6 6.2 6.3 6.6 6.5
Bankruptcies 4.1 4.6 5.5 4.5 4.1 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.6
Proposals 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.8 2.3 2.6 2.9 2.8

Figure 64: Ontario

Line chart representing Consumer Insolvency Rates in Ontario by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 64
Consumer Insolvency Rates in Ontario by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 4.3 5.0 6.6 5.5 4.8 4.5 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.6
Bankruptcies 3.1 3.6 4.6 3.2 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.5
Proposals 1.2 1.4 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1

Figure 65: Manitoba

Line chart representing Consumer Insolvency Rates in Manitoba by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 65
Consumer Insolvency Rates in Manitoba by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 2.8 2.8 3.5 3.0 2.4 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.7
Bankruptcies 2.2 2.2 2.8 2.2 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.5
Proposals 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.2

Figure 66: Saskatchewan

Line chart representing Consumer Insolvency Rates in Saskatchewan by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 66
Consumer Insolvency Rates in Saskatchewan by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 2.6 2.4 3.3 3.1 2.7 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.7 3.6
Bankruptcies 1.9 1.9 2.4 2.0 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.7
Proposals 0.7 0.5 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.9

Figure 67: Alberta

Line chart representing Consumer Insolvency Rates in Alberta by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 67
Consumer Insolvency Rates in Alberta by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 2.2 2.7 4.4 3.8 3.5 3.1 2.7 2.6 3.1 4.0
Bankruptcies 1.8 2.2 3.7 2.9 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.7
Proposals 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.7 2.4

Figure 68: British Columbia

Line chart representing Consumer Insolvency Rates in British Columbia by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 68
Consumer Insolvency Rates in British Columbia by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 2.3 2.5 3.7 3.6 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 2.9
Bankruptcies 1.9 2.1 3.0 2.7 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.2
Proposals 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.6

Figure 69: Northwest Territories

Line chart representing Consumer Insolvency Rates in Northwest Territories by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 69
Consumer Insolvency Rates in Northwest Territories by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 1.1 0.8 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.9
Bankruptcies 1.0 0.7 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.1
Proposals 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8

Figure 70: Yukon

Line chart representing Consumer Insolvency Rates in Yukon by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 70
Consumer Insolvency Rates in Yukon by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 0.9 1.2 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.1 1.5 1.3 2.0
Bankruptcies 0.8 1.0 1.8 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 1.0
Proposals 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.6 1.0

Figure 71: Nunavut

Line chart representing Consumer Insolvency Rates in Nunavut by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 71
Consumer Insolvency Rates in Nunavut by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4
Bankruptcies 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1
Proposals 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3

Business Insolvency Rates

Figure 72: Newfoundland and Labrador

Line chart representing Business Insolvency Rates in Newfoundland and Labrador by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 72
Business Insolvency Rates in Newfoundland and Labrador by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 2.0 1.5 1.3 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.1 1.1 0.6 0.7
Bankruptcies 2.0 1.5 1.3 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.5 0.5
Proposals 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1

Figure 73: Prince Edward Island

Line chart representing Business Insolvency Rates in Prince Edward Island by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 73
Business Insolvency Rates in Prince Edward Island by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 3.3 1.9 3.1 2.2 1.7 1.7 2.1 1.7 1.1 0.9
Bankruptcies 2.9 1.3 2.7 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.7 1.2 0.8 0.5
Proposals 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.4

Figure 74: Nova Scotia

Line chart representing Business Insolvency Rates in Nova Scotia by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 74
Business Insolvency Rates in Nova Scotia by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 4.0 3.5 3.2 3.2 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.4 1.2 1.0
Bankruptcies 3.6 2.9 2.8 2.6 1.8 1.6 1.5 0.9 0.9 0.8
Proposals 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2

Figure 75: New Brunswick

Line chart representing Business Insolvency Rates in New Brunswick by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 75
Business Insolvency Rates in New Brunswick by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 4.1 5.7 3.2 2.0 1.4 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.0
Bankruptcies 3.4 4.6 2.4 1.7 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.0 0.8
Proposals 0.7 1.1 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2

Figure 76: Quebec

Line chart representing Business Insolvency Rates in Quebec by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 76
Business Insolvency Rates in Quebec by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 5.3 5.8 5.5 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.3 2.7 2.6
Bankruptcies 4.2 4.6 4.1 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.1 2.1 2.0
Proposals 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 0.7 0.6

Figure 77: Ontario

Line chart representing Business Insolvency Rates in Ontario by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 77
Business Insolvency Rates in Ontario by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 3.3 3.2 3.0 2.2 1.8 1.6 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.6
Bankruptcies 2.9 2.7 2.6 1.8 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.5
Proposals 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

Figure 78: Manitoba

Line chart representing Business Insolvency Rates in Manitoba by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 78
Business Insolvency Rates in Manitoba by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 1.4 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.4
Bankruptcies 1.3 1.3 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.3
Proposals 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Figure 79: Saskatchewan

Line chart representing Business Insolvency Rates in Saskatchewan by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 79
Business Insolvency Rates in Saskatchewan by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 2.8 2.3 2.4 1.5 1.7 1.3 1.1 1.2 0.8 0.8
Bankruptcies 2.1 1.7 1.8 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6
Proposals 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2

Figure 80: Alberta

Line chart representing Business Insolvency Rates in Alberta by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 80
Business Insolvency Rates in Alberta by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.0 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3
Bankruptcies 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2
Proposals 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Figure 81: British Columbia

Line chart representing Business Insolvency Rates in British Columbia by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 81
Business Insolvency Rates in British Columbia by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 1.6 1.5 1.4 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.3
Bankruptcies 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3
Proposals 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Figure 82: Northwest Territories

Line chart representing Business Insolvency Rates in Northwest Territories by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 82
Business Insolvency Rates in Northwest Territories by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 0.7 0.4 0.8 0.4 1.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bankruptcies 0.7 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Proposals 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.4 1.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Figure 83: Yukon

Line chart representing Business Insolvency Rates in Yukon by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 83
Business Insolvency Rates in Yukon by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 0.7 1.4 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.0
Bankruptcies 0.7 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0
Proposals 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0

Figure 84: Nunavut

Line chart representing Consumer Insolvency Rates in Nunavut by Insolvency Type (the long description is located below the image)

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Description of Figure 84
Business Insolvency Rates in Nunavut by Insolvency Type
Insolvency Type 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
All Insolvencies 4.5 0.0 1.3 0.0 1.2 1.2 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.8
Bankruptcies 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 1.2 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.8
Proposals 2.2 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Annex C – Insolvency Volumes and Rates by Province and Territory

Table 1: Insolvency Volumes by Province, Territory and Insolvency Type
ProvinceInsolvency Type2007200820092010201120122013201420152016
NewfoundlandBankruptcies2,1732,1722,5752,3991,9811,6261,5451,3751,5191,574
Proposals9648126145126143165200330853
Insolvencies2,2692,2202,7012,5442,1071,7691,7101,5751,8492,427
Nova ScotiaBankruptcies3,6934,1324,7254,3183,6823,3073,3793,7783,7174,254
Proposals5556137559799871,0811,3921,5261,6081,769
Insolvencies4,2484,7455,4805,2974,6694,3884,7715,3045,3256,023
Prince Edward IslandBankruptcies329458540528535485458515531507
Proposals34293770102150182224291308
Insolvencies363487577598637635640739822815
New BrunswickBankruptcies2,6052,8513,3883,1792,8912,9592,9103,0892,8732,949
Proposals3324615866176699541,1271,3061,5381,552
Insolvencies2,9373,3123,9743,7963,5603,9134,0374,3954,4114,501
QuebecBankruptcies27,10730,47435,88329,62027,19625,88726,81226,13726,22325,901
Proposals5,3506,5138,23110,25010,69912,05715,31517,75419,71919,305
Insolvencies32,45736,98744,11439,87037,89537,94442,12743,89145,94245,206
OntarioBankruptcies34,02438,63748,72934,53326,80524,27822,73120,06918,84217,595
Proposals12,43014,65720,76523,94625,26924,46422,62322,12922,23422,956
Insolvencies46,45453,29469,49458,47952,07448,74245,35442,19841,07640,551
ManitobaBankruptcies2,1432,1282,5082,0621,5741,3121,2691,2481,2901,482
Proposals5545856626896556146507008461,177
Insolvencies2,6972,7133,1702,7512,2291,9261,9191,9482,1362,659
SaskatchewanBankruptcies1,6671,6011,9551,6271,3761,0801,1061,1821,2401,512
Proposals6104716978438367806998801,0771,565
Insolvencies2,2772,0722,6522,4702,2121,8601,8052,0622,3173,077
AlbertaBankruptcies5,2176,51310,3918,5287,2935,9894,8263,9644,3755,548
Proposals1,2841,3992,1712,8063,0883,5253,6264,4585,5697,790
Insolvencies6,5017,91212,56211,33410,3819,5148,4528,4229,94413,338
British ColumbiaBankruptcies7,1217,74711,0199,9038,2327,7547,3196,5455,8374,868
Proposals1,5131,6752,5953,1033,6874,2104,7385,0945,9656,137
Insolvencies8,6349,42213,61413,00611,91911,96412,05711,63911,80211,005
Northwest TerritoriesBankruptcies33233931332931262835
Proposals53813142520232425
Insolvencies38264744475451495260
YukonBankruptcies23314134322422221827
Proposals24575149181728
Insolvencies25354641373831403555
NunavutBankruptcies5784613524
Proposals0220132236
Insolvencies591047457510
CanadaBankruptcies86,14096,774121,80196,76681,63674,73172,41167,95566,49566,256
Proposals22,76526,46036,64043,46846,13848,02050,54854,31459,22163,471
Insolvencies108,905123,234158,441140,234127,774122,751122,959122,269125,716129,727

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Table 2: Consumer Insolvency Volumes by Province, Territory and Insolvency Type
ProvinceInsolvency Type2007200820092010201120122013201420152016
NewfoundlandBankruptcies2,1212,1332,5422,3781,9571,6111,5241,3481,4981,552
Proposals9447125143124139154197324847
Insolvencies2,2152,1802,6672,5212,0811,7501,6781,5451,8222,399
Nova ScotiaBankruptcies3,4873,9704,5794,1803,5873,2213,2953,7263,6484,191
Proposals5335827359509691,0611,3651,5011,5841,757
Insolvencies4,0204,5525,3145,1304,5564,2824,6605,2275,2325,948
Prince Edward IslandBankruptcies297444513512520472440502519500
Proposals29233364100146177219287302
Insolvencies326467546576620618617721806802
New BrunswickBankruptcies2,4542,6553,2873,1092,8482,9062,8463,0212,8142,904
Proposals3004145556046529371,1091,2871,5171,538
Insolvencies2,7543,0693,8423,7133,5003,8433,9554,3084,3314,442
QuebecBankruptcies25,07228,31733,98928,10025,62724,39925,22124,44724,53924,241
Proposals4,8445,9597,5999,67110,14111,52614,72617,10719,16618,768
Insolvencies29,91634,27641,58837,77135,76835,92539,94741,55443,70543,009
OntarioBankruptcies31,43936,20046,52133,00025,52923,23621,77319,23417,95816,904
Proposals11,97414,24220,41423,61924,93124,14522,36121,87421,97722,707
Insolvencies43,41350,44266,93556,61950,46047,38144,13441,10839,93539,611
ManitobaBankruptcies2,0412,0252,4431,9941,5141,2761,2141,2001,2641,448
Proposals5445766396796416016386918341,159
Insolvencies2,5852,6013,0822,6732,1551,8771,8521,8912,0982,607
SaskatchewanBankruptcies1,4631,4511,7941,5281,2721,0011,0381,1051,1551,421
Proposals5404166397987837306528331,0431,539
Insolvencies2,0031,8672,4332,3262,0551,7311,6901,9382,1982,960
AlbertaBankruptcies4,7686,0669,9868,1507,0295,7594,6893,8594,2805,427
Proposals1,1791,3222,0902,7203,0113,4433,5694,4225,5307,743
Insolvencies5,9477,38812,07610,87010,0409,2028,2588,2819,81013,170
British ColumbiaBankruptcies6,6517,29310,6399,6748,0407,5627,1306,3455,6834,719
Proposals1,4041,5892,4903,0493,6364,1344,6725,0385,8976,087
Insolvencies8,0558,88213,12912,72311,67611,69611,80211,38311,58010,806
Northwest TerritoriesBankruptcies31223931332931262835
Proposals33812122420232425
Insolvencies34254743455351495260
YukonBankruptcies20274134312320221827
Proposals24355149171728
Insolvencies22314439363729393555
NunavutBankruptcies3784603423
Proposals0210132236
Insolvencies3994735659
CanadaBankruptcies79,84790,610116,38192,69477,99371,49569,22464,83963,40663,372
Proposals21,44625,17935,33142,31445,00646,90349,45453,21158,20362,506
Insolvencies101,293115,789151,712135,008122,999118,398118,678118,050121,609125,878

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Table 3: Business Insolvency Volumes by Province, Territory and Insolvency Type
ProvinceInsolvency Type2007200820092010201120122013201420152016
NewfoundlandBankruptcies52393321241521272122
Proposals21122411366
Insolvencies54403423261932302728
Nova ScotiaBankruptcies206162146138958684526963
Proposals22312029182027252412
Insolvencies228193166167113106111779375
Prince Edward IslandBankruptcies3214271615131813127
Proposals5646245546
Insolvencies37203122171723181613
New BrunswickBankruptcies15119610170435364685945
Proposals32473113171718192114
Insolvencies18324313283607082878059
QuebecBankruptcies2,0352,1571,8941,5201,5691,4881,5911,6901,6841,660
Proposals506554632579558531589647553537
Insolvencies2,5412,7112,5262,0992,1272,0192,1802,3372,2372,197
OntarioBankruptcies2,5852,4372,2081,5331,2761,042958835884691
Proposals456415351327338319262255257249
Insolvencies3,0412,8522,5591,8601,6141,3611,2201,0901,141940
ManitobaBankruptcies1021036568603655482634
Proposals109231014131291218
Insolvencies1121128878744967573852
SaskatchewanBankruptcies204150161991047968778591
Proposals70555845535047473426
Insolvencies274205219144157129115124119117
AlbertaBankruptcies44944740537826423013710595121
Proposals105778186778257363947
Insolvencies554524486464341312194141134168
British ColumbiaBankruptcies470454380229192192189200154149
Proposals1098610554517666566850
Insolvencies579540485283243268255256222199
Northwest TerritoriesBankruptcies2100000000
Proposals2001210000
Insolvencies4101210000
YukonBankruptcies3400112000
Proposals0022000100
Insolvencies3422112100
NunavutBankruptcies2000010101
Proposals0010000000
Insolvencies2010010100
CanadaBankruptcies6,2936,1645,4204,0723,6433,2363,1873,1163,0892,884
Proposals1,3191,2811,3091,1541,1321,1171,0941,1031,018965
Insolvencies7,6127,4456,7295,2264,7754,3534,2814,2194,1073,849

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Table 4: Consumer Insolvency Rates by Province, Territory and Insolvency Type
ProvinceInsolvency Type2007200820092010201120122013201420152016
NewfoundlandBankruptcies5.25.26.25.84.73.93.73.13.53.6
Proposals0.20.10.30.30.30.30.40.50.82.0
Insolvencies5.45.36.56.15.04.34.13.64.35.6
Nova ScotiaBankruptcies2.74.04.74.64.64.13.84.34.54.3
Proposals0.30.20.30.60.91.31.51.92.52.6
Insolvencies3.04.25.05.25.55.35.36.27.06.9
Prince Edward IslandBankruptcies4.65.26.25.64.84.34.45.04.85.5
Proposals0.70.81.01.31.31.41.82.02.12.3
Insolvencies5.36.07.26.96.15.76.27.06.97.8
New BrunswickBankruptcies4.14.45.55.34.84.94.85.04.74.8
Proposals0.50.70.91.01.11.61.92.12.52.6
Insolvencies4.55.16.56.35.96.56.67.27.27.4
QuebecBankruptcies4.14.65.54.54.13.83.93.73.73.6
Proposals0.81.01.21.61.61.82.32.62.92.8
Insolvencies4.85.56.86.15.75.66.26.36.66.5
OntarioBankruptcies3.13.64.63.22.42.22.01.81.61.5
Proposals1.21.42.02.32.42.32.12.02.02.1
Insolvencies4.35.06.65.54.84.54.13.83.73.6
ManitobaBankruptcies2.22.22.82.21.71.41.31.31.31.5
Proposals0.60.60.70.80.70.70.70.70.91.2
Insolvencies2.82.83.53.02.42.02.02.02.22.7
SaskatchewanBankruptcies1.91.92.42.01.71.31.31.41.41.7
Proposals0.70.50.91.11.00.90.81.01.31.9
Insolvencies2.62.43.33.12.72.22.22.42.73.6
AlbertaBankruptcies1.82.23.72.92.52.01.51.21.31.7
Proposals0.40.50.81.01.01.21.21.41.72.4
Insolvencies2.22.74.43.83.53.12.72.63.14.0
British ColumbiaBankruptcies1.92.13.02.72.22.11.91.71.51.2
Proposals0.40.50.70.91.01.11.31.41.61.6
Insolvencies2.32.53.73.63.23.23.23.13.12.9
Northwest TerritoriesBankruptcies0.81.01.81.41.20.90.80.80.71.0
Proposals0.10.20.10.20.20.60.30.60.61.0
Insolvencies0.91.21.91.61.41.51.11.51.32.0
YukonBankruptcies1.00.71.31.11.11.01.00.80.91.1
Proposals0.10.10.30.40.40.80.70.70.80.8
Insolvencies1.10.81.61.51.51.71.71.61.71.9
NunavutBankruptcies0.20.40.50.20.40.00.10.20.10.1
Proposals0.00.10.10.00.00.20.10.10.20.3
Insolvencies0.20.50.50.20.40.20.30.30.30.4
CanadaBankruptcies3.13.44.53.52.92.62.52.32.32.2
Proposals0.81.01.41.61.71.71.81.92.12.2
Insolvencies3.94.45.85.14.64.44.34.24.34.4

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy
Consumer insolvency rates are defined as the number of insolvent consumers per 1,000 Canadian residents.

Table 5: Business Insolvency Rates by Province, Territory and Insolvency Type
ProvinceInsolvency Type2007200820092010201120122013201420152016
NewfoundlandBankruptcies2.01.51.30.80.90.60.81.00.50.5
Proposals0.00.00.00.10.10.10.40.10.10.1
Insolvencies2.01.51.30.91.00.71.11.10.60.7
Nova ScotiaBankruptcies2.91.32.71.61.51.31.71.20.80.5
Proposals0.40.60.40.60.20.40.50.50.30.4
Insolvencies3.31.93.12.21.71.72.11.71.10.9
Prince Edward IslandBankruptcies3.62.92.82.61.81.61.50.90.90.8
Proposals0.40.60.40.60.30.40.50.40.30.2
Insolvencies4.03.53.23.22.12.02.01.41.21.0
New BrunswickBankruptcies3.44.62.41.71.01.31.51.51.00.8
Proposals0.71.10.70.30.40.40.40.40.40.2
Insolvencies4.15.73.22.01.41.71.91.91.41.0
QuebecBankruptcies4.24.64.13.33.23.13.03.12.12.0
Proposals1.01.21.41.21.11.11.11.20.70.6
Insolvencies5.35.85.54.54.34.24.14.32.72.6
OntarioBankruptcies2.92.72.61.81.41.21.00.80.60.5
Proposals0.50.50.40.40.40.40.30.30.20.2
Insolvencies3.33.23.02.21.81.61.31.10.80.6
ManitobaBankruptcies1.31.30.90.90.80.50.70.60.20.3
Proposals0.10.10.30.10.20.20.10.10.10.1
Insolvencies1.41.51.11.01.00.60.80.70.30.4
SaskatchewanBankruptcies2.11.71.81.11.10.80.60.70.60.6
Proposals0.70.60.60.50.60.50.40.40.20.2
Insolvencies2.82.32.41.51.71.31.11.20.80.8
AlbertaBankruptcies1.41.31.21.10.80.70.40.30.20.2
Proposals0.30.20.20.30.20.20.10.10.10.1
Insolvencies1.71.51.51.41.00.90.50.40.30.3
British ColumbiaBankruptcies1.31.21.10.60.50.50.50.50.30.3
Proposals0.30.20.30.20.10.20.20.10.10.1
Insolvencies1.61.51.40.80.70.70.70.60.40.3
Northwest TerritoriesBankruptcies0.71.40.00.00.30.30.60.00.00.0
Proposals0.00.00.70.40.00.00.00.30.00.0
Insolvencies0.71.40.70.40.30.30.60.30.00.0
YukonBankruptcies0.70.40.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
Proposals0.00.00.80.41.20.40.00.00.00.0
Insolvencies0.70.40.80.41.20.40.00.00.00.0
NunavutBankruptcies2.20.00.00.01.21.20.01.10.00.8
Proposals2.20.01.30.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
Insolvencies4.50.01.30.01.21.20.01.10.00.8
CanadaBankruptcies2.62.62.41.81.51.41.21.20.80.7
Proposals0.50.50.60.50.50.50.40.40.30.2
Insolvencies3.23.12.92.32.01.81.71.61.11.0

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy
Business insolvency rates are defined as the number of insolvent businesses per 1,000 Canadian businesses.


Annex D – Insolvency Volumes by Age, Gender and Industry Sector

Table 6: Consumer Insolvency Volumes by Age Group
Age GroupsInsolvency Type2007200820092010201120122013201420152016
18 to 24 yearsBankruptcies4,8735,1835,4853,4172,3672,1222,1992,1032,3062,451
Proposals1,0171,0881,1321,1289189071,2361,2791,5191,736
Insolvencies5,8906,2716,6174,5453,2853,0293,4353,3823,8254,187
25 to 44 yearsBankruptcies41,24846,26558,03843,88435,55632,18630,59927,95927,04426,687
Proposals11,59813,45618,29020,81321,64622,35823,43525,45327,70230,148
Insolvencies52,84659,72176,32864,69757,20254,54454,03453,41254,74656,835
45 to 64 yearsBankruptcies27,97632,29843,88236,42931,56229,36928,38926,66825,71025,291
Proposals7,9719,66214,32618,13419,69320,60021,54622,76324,69625,793
Insolvencies35,94741,96058,20854,56351,25549,96949,93549,43150,40651,084
65 years and olderBankruptcies5,7226,8358,9338,9368,5017,8068,0318,1008,3418,940
Proposals8529691,5722,2322,7463,0363,2363,7164,2854,829
Insolvencies6,5747,80410,50511,16811,24710,84211,26711,81612,62613,769
All*Bankruptcies79,81990,581116,33892,66677,98671,48369,21864,83063,40163,369
Proposals21,43825,17535,32042,30745,00346,90149,45353,21158,20262,506
Insolvencies101,257115,756151,658134,973122,989118,384118,671118,041121,603125,875

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy
*A few files have missing date of birth which results in files with missing age.

Table 7: Consumer Insolvency Volumes by Age Group (Percentage)
Age GroupsInsolvency Type2007200820092010201120122013201420152016
18 to 24 yearsBankruptcies6.1%5.7%4.7%3.7%3.0%3.0%3.2%3.2%3.6%3.9%
Proposals4.7%4.3%3.2%2.7%2.0%1.9%2.5%2.4%2.6%2.8%
Insolvencies5.8%5.4%4.4%3.4%2.7%2.6%2.9%2.9%3.1%3.3%
25 to 44 yearsBankruptcies51.7%51.1%49.9%47.4%45.6%45.0%44.2%43.1%42.7%42.1%
Proposals54.1%53.4%51.8%49.2%48.1%47.7%47.4%47.8%47.6%48.2%
Insolvencies52.2%51.6%50.3%47.9%46.5%46.1%45.5%45.2%45.0%45.2%
45 to 64 yearsBankruptcies35.0%35.7%37.7%39.3%40.5%41.1%41.0%41.1%40.6%39.9%
Proposals37.2%38.4%40.6%42.9%43.8%43.9%43.6%42.8%42.4%41.3%
Insolvencies35.5%36.2%38.4%40.4%41.7%42.2%42.1%41.9%41.5%40.6%
65 years and olderBankruptcies7.2%7.5%7.7%9.6%10.9%10.9%11.6%12.6%13.1%14.1%
Proposals4.0%3.9%4.4%5.2%6.1%6.5%6.5%7.0%7.4%7.7%
Insolvencies6.5%6.8%6.9%8.3%9.1%9.1%9.5%10.0%10.4%10.9%
AllBankruptcies100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%
Proposals100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%
Insolvencies100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Table 8: Canadian Population Aged 18 Years and Older by Age Group
Age Groups 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
18 to 24 years 3,144,484 3,180,582 3,219,355 3,252,235 3,279,835 3,328,901 3,370,796 3,390,654 3,358,826 3,348,529
25 to 44 years 9,356,071 9,329,995 9,322,710 9,328,475 9,356,801 9,448,533 9,541,879 9,644,237 9,717,037 9,848,813
45 to 64 years 8,998,851 9,246,569 9,478,664 9,684,189 9,814,702 9,876,737 9,935,024 9,991,198 10,032,439 10,079,893
65 years and over 4,412,638 4,532,605 4,661,110 4,796,143 4,950,310 5,167,113 5,383,902 5,589,292 5,786,907 5,990,511
All 25,912,044 26,289,751 26,681,839 27,061,042 27,401,648 27,821,284 28,231,601 28,615,381 28,895,209 29,267,746

Source: CANSIM Table 051-0001

Table 9: Canadian Population Aged 18 Years and Older by Age Group (Percentage)
Age Groups 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
18 to 24 years 12.2% 12.1% 12.1% 12.0% 12.0% 12.0% 11.9% 11.8% 11.7% 11.4%
25 to 44 years 36.1% 35.5% 34.9% 34.5% 34.1% 34.0% 33.8% 33.8% 33.6% 33.7%
45 to 64 years 34.7% 35.2% 35.5% 35.8% 35.8% 35.4% 35.2% 34.9% 34.7% 34.4%
65 years and over 17.0% 17.2% 17.5% 17.7% 18.1% 18.6% 19.1% 20.5% 20.0% 20.5%
All 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Source: CANSIM Table 051-0001

Table 10: Business Insolvency Volumes by Top Five Sectors
Top Five SectorsInsolvency Type2007200820092010201120122013201420152016
ConstructionBankruptcies1,0871,073833696620607564530572520
Proposals200166166167162226184189203191
Insolvencies1,2871,239999863782833748719775711
ManufacturingBankruptcies585626586426393308295276267216
Proposals17316717313816112712811011383
Insolvencies758793759564554435423386380299
Retail TradeBankruptcies900837783604505435421376385331
Proposals183152163148143136107122117123
Insolvencies1,083989946752648571528498502454
Transportation and WarehousingBankruptcies601652479334252213187185159177
Proposals10713111869584650886048
Insolvencies708783597403310259237273219225
Accommodation and Food ServicesBankruptcies728739635473510440480493526473
Proposals139126180166148184180167132137
Insolvencies867865815639658624660660658610

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Table 11: Business Insolvency by Top Five Sectors
Top Five SectorsInsolvency Type2007200820092010201120122013201420152016
ConstructionBankruptcies17%17%15%17%17%19%18%17%19%18%
Proposals15%13%13%14%14%20%17%17%20%20%
Insolvencies17%17%15%17%16%19%17%17%19%18%
ManufacturingBankruptcies9%10%11%10%11%10%9%9%9%7%
Proposals13%13%13%12%14%11%12%10%11%9%
Insolvencies10%11%11%11%12%10%10%9%9%8%
Retail TradeBankruptcies14%14%14%15%14%13%13%12%12%11%
Proposals14%12%12%13%13%12%10%11%11%13%
Insolvencies14%13%14%14%14%13%12%12%12%12%
Transportation and WarehousingBankruptcies10%11%9%8%7%7%6%6%5%6%
Proposals8%10%9%6%5%4%5%8%6%5%
Insolvencies9%11%9%8%6%6%6%6%5%6%
Accommodation and Food ServicesBankruptcies12%12%12%12%14%14%15%16%17%16%
Proposals11%10%14%14%13%16%16%15%13%14%
Insolvencies11%12%12%12%14%14%15%16%16%16%

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Table 12: Number of Canadian Businesses in the Top Five Sectors by Insolvency Volumes
Top Five Sectors 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Construction 278,259 270,933 263,628 270,080 278,470 278,202 304,429 316,451 356,306 364,091
Manufacturing 97,994 92,521 85,791 84,056 81,555 78,816 83,890 84,821 89,506 89,655
Retail Trade 219,651 212,244 199,870 194,947 197,923 196,547 211,108 213,193 229,971 230,403
Transportation and Warehousing 131,612 130,005 125,278 125,348 125,207 124,314 144,616 152,764 180,010 185,952
Accommodation and Food Services 106,096 104,823 98,232 98,682 99,176 98,604 105,674 108,281 113,340 114,993

Source: Statistics Canada (Custom request)

Table 13: Share of the Top Five Sectors by Insolvency Volumes of All Canadian Businesses
Top Five Sectors 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Construction 12% 11% 12% 12% 12% 12% 12% 12% 9% 9%
Manufacturing 4% 4% 4% 4% 3% 3% 3% 3% 2% 2%
Retail Trade 9% 9% 9% 8% 8% 8% 8% 8% 6% 6%
Transportation and Warehousing 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 6% 6% 5% 5%
Accommodation and Food Services 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 4% 3% 3%

Source: Statistics Canada (Custom request)

Table 14: Insolvent Consumers by Gender*
  2007200820092010201120122013201420152016
Consumer BankruptciesFemale36,16441,80454,14344,29537,53034,28333,07530,77029,53229,487
Male43,59548,77762,22548,38940,46037,20236,14134,06633,87333,882
Consumer ProposalsFemale9,25310,96516,06919,36120,89421,85623,09724,94827,14729,357
Male12,12114,18619,23622,93424,08425,03226,33228,24331,03533,135

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy
*A few files have missing gender


Annex E – Consumer and Business Declared Assets and Liabilities

Table 15: Declared Assets, Consumers and Businesses in Canada
ConsumersBusinessesAll
BankruptciesProposalsTotalBankruptciesProposalsTotalBankruptciesProposalsTotal
20072,616,877,8751,717,612,3834,334,490,258795,207,968202,604,268997,812,2363,412,085,8431,920,216,6515,332,302,494
20083,807,397,1702,451,728,4616,259,125,6311,400,862,209240,447,1091,641,309,3185,208,259,3792,692,175,5707,900,434,949
20096,985,467,1314,339,748,19611,325,215,3271,055,061,345320,226,7491,375,288,0948,040,528,4764,659,974,94512,700,503,421
20105,236,785,9765,189,187,39610,425,973,3721,896,986,502262,495,5672,159,482,0697,133,772,4785,451,682,96312,585,455,441
20114,757,693,8185,615,123,02410,372,816,842708,384,001156,505,074864,889,0755,466,077,8195,771,628,09811,237,705,917
20124,171,675,0886,113,871,23210,285,546,320571,895,841165,651,023737,546,8644,743,570,9296,279,522,25511,023,093,184
20133,992,439,4546,536,220,01610,528,659,470701,428,801268,141,668969,570,4694,693,868,2556,804,361,68411,498,229,939
20143,696,750,8086,733,242,95710,429,993,7651,071,627,453229,864,2751,301,491,7284,768,378,2616,963,107,23211,731,485,493
20153,528,396,5806,946,092,49910,474,489,079478,324,564202,339,560680,664,1244,006,721,1447,148,432,05911,155,153,203
20163,581,680,8247,231,142,51810,812,823,342680,640,984102,800,249783,441,2334,262,321,8087,333,942,76711,596,264,575

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy

Table 16: Declared Liabilities, Consumers and Businesses in Canada
ConsumersBusinessesAll
BankruptciesProposalsTotalBankruptciesProposalsTotalBankruptciesProposalsTotal
2007$5,548,243,262$1,967,758,877$7,516,002,139$5,722,206,948$1,044,912,201$6,767,119,149$11,270,450,210$3,012,671,078$14,283,121,288
2008$7,414,487,509$2,677,921,209$10,092,408,718$7,073,202,251$1,323,166,772$8,396,369,023$14,487,689,760$4,001,087,981$18,488,777,741
2009$12,106,966,726$4,608,474,466$16,715,441,192$5,549,634,668$1,366,150,717$6,915,785,385$17,656,601,394$5,974,625,183$23,631,226,577
2010$11,024,694,807$5,499,447,624$16,524,142,431$8,574,637,161$1,450,676,465$10,025,313,626$19,599,331,968$6,950,124,089$26,549,456,057
2011$8,650,692,717$5,988,726,561$14,639,419,278$4,777,764,515$1,390,375,638$6,168,140,153$13,428,457,232$7,379,102,199$20,807,559,431
2012$8,186,829,602$6,159,981,584$14,346,811,186$3,065,974,977$1,303,816,425$4,369,791,402$11,252,804,579$7,463,798,009$18,716,602,588
2013$7,922,512,474$6,480,419,324$14,402,931,798$3,445,662,427$1,426,385,203$4,872,047,630$11,368,174,901$7,906,804,527$19,274,979,428
2014$7,809,221,630$6,785,046,412$14,594,268,042$3,691,587,602$1,970,145,712$5,661,733,314$11,500,809,232$8,755,192,124$20,256,001,356
2015$7,031,159,310$7,094,720,647$14,125,879,957$4,532,307,990$1,412,616,109$5,944,924,099$11,563,467,300$8,507,336,756$20,070,804,056
2016*$7,537,496,082$7,527,910,339$15,065,406,421$15,713,490,035$1,388,666,119$17,102,156,154$23,250,986,117$8,916,576,458$32,167,562,575

Source: Office of the Superintendent of Bankruptcy
* A small number of business filings account for the jump in business liabilities witnessed in 2016.

Annex F – Glossary

Bankruptcy:
The state of a consumer or a business that has made an assignment in bankruptcy or against whom a bankruptcy order has been made.
Business:
Any commercial entity or organization other than an individual, or an individual who has incurred 50 percent or more of total liabilities as a result of operating a business.
Consumer:
An individual with more than 50 percent of total liabilities related to consumer goods and services.
Insolvency:
In the context of this report, a bankruptcy or a proposal.
North American Industry Classification System (NAICS):
System that classifies economic units that have similar production processes in the same industry. This is a supply-based or production-oriented economic concept.
Proposal:
An offer to creditors to settle debts under conditions other than existing terms. A proposal is a formal agreement under the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act.