Co-operatives in Canada - 2013

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Aussi offert en français sous le titre Les coopératives au Canada en 2013.

Table of Content


Foreword

Co-operatives in Canada 2013, is an annual publication that provides baseline data on the co-operative sector in Canada. The Government of Canada has been collecting and publishing this data since the 1930s.Footnote 1

The 2013 publication is the 80th edition and has been prepared by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada's (ISED) Co-operatives Policy Unit. The Unit provides analysis, advice and support to promote co-operative business innovation and growth in Canada.

The Co-operatives in Canada 2013 publication classifies co-operatives using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). This enables direct comparison of the co-operative sector with other sectors across the Canadian economy as well as sectors in the United States and Mexico who use NAICS to classify their industries.

METHODOLOGY

The report is based on unweighted data gathered from the 2013 Annual Survey of Canadian Co-operatives conducted by ISED. Unless otherwise indicated, the publication has been prepared with data from the reporting co-operatives that responded to this Annual Survey. In the event that a co-operative did not submit a 2013 survey response, the 2012 financial statements of the co-operative were used to derive estimates.

In addition to the data collected through the ISED survey, this report uses aggregate data from the Ministry of the Economy, Science and Innovation in the Government of Quebec, and Service Nova Scotia in the Government of Nova Scotia. As of 2011, the Government of Quebec conducts surveys of Quebec co-operatives every two years. Therefore, this report compares data between 2011 and 2013 as it is only for those years that full national level data is available. Future surveys by ISED will be conducted every two years in order to line up with the Quebec survey.

The 2013 survey response rate is 66% (5,276) reporting co-operatives out of 8,042 incorporated co-operatives, a slight increase from the 2012 response rate of 64%.

2010 to 2013 survey response rates of reporting co-operatives
2010 2011 2012 2013
Responses 5,904 5,251 5,043 5,276
Total incorporated co-operatives 7,865 7,761 7,906 8,042
Response rate 65% 68% 64% 66%

Definitions – Financial and non-financial co-operatives

Co-operatives are a form of corporation incorporated under specific federal, provincial or territorial co-operative legislation. They are owned by an association of persons seeking to satisfy common needs, such as access to products or services, sale of their products or services, or employment. They generally operate based on seven internationally established core principles including: voluntary and open membership; democratic member control; member economic participation; autonomy and independence; education, training and information; co-operation among co-operatives; and, concern for community including sustainable development. 

While co-operatives serve a wide variety of functions, they generally fit one of the following four types:

  • A consumer co-op provides products or services to its members (such as a retail co-op, housing, financial, health-care or child-care co-op)
  • A producer co-op processes and markets the goods or services produced by its members, and/or supplies products or services necessary to the members' professional activities (such as independent entrepreneurs, artisans, or farmers).
  • A worker co-op provides employment for its members. In this type of co-op, the employees are the members and the owners of the enterprise.
  • A multi-stakeholder co-op serves the needs of different stakeholder groups—such as employees, clients, and other interested individuals and organizations. This type of co-op is usually found in health, home care and other social enterprises.

In Canada, co-operatives are generally categorized as financial or non-financial co-operatives.

Financial co-operatives consist of deposit-taking credit unions and caisses populaires, as well as mutuals involved in life, property and casualty insurance. At the federal level, these co-operatives are subject to the Co-operative Credit Associations Act, the Bank Act and the Insurance Companies Act, under the authority of the federal Minister of Finance. Since 1986, statistics on these co-operatives have been collected by Statistics Canada, and they have not been included in the Annual Survey of Canadian Co-operatives. As a result, no financial co-operatives are included in this publication. Examples of financial co-operatives include Vancity and the Desjardins Group. A number of the "non-financial" co-operatives have been coded as "Finance and Insurance" co-operatives. These co-operatives are not incorporated as financing institutions but are, however, used by groups of people or businesses to serve as financial intermediaries and provide services such as small business loans.

Non-financial co-operatives operate in all sectors of the economy including housing, agriculture, retail, health care and social services, manufacturing, high-speed broadband and clean energy. They consist of consumer, producer, worker or multi-stakeholder co-operatives.

Well-known examples of non-financial co-operatives include Mountain Equipment Co-op and Agropur.

In Canada, a co-operative must incorporate pursuant to a specific corporate statute at the provincial, territorial or federal level. The nature of the co-operative business model and how they operate is largely defined by these Acts. Whatever the governing Act may be, co-operatives share three common characteristics in areas of ownership, governance and distribution of profits.

Ownership

A co-operative is a business jointly owned by its members who use its products or services. In some cases, co-operatives can have members who do not use its services or products (e.g. support members, investor members).

Governance

Co-operatives are democratically controlled businesses with the governing principle "one-member, one-vote". This right is exercised at the co-operative's annual general meeting (AGM), where members can vote directly for the board of directors. This democratic governance structure is reinforced by the co-operative's by-laws and the legislation under which the co-operative is incorporated (provincial, territorial or federal).

Distribution of Profits

Any surplus of a co-operative is owned by the member-owners who can decide how to distribute the profits at the AGM. For example, decisions can be taken to: allocate either part or the entire surplus to the general reserve for future investments; or, distribute the profits to all the members in the form of patronage dividends based on the individual member's usage of the co-operative over the past fiscal year.

Depending on the governing legislation, a co-operative may choose to operate on a not-for-profit basis and an additional small number of co-operatives are registered charities. In both instances, these co-operatives do not provide members with a patronage dividend, and all surpluses are directed into their general reserve.

To learn more about co-operatives and find other resources and information, please visit the Information Guide on Co-operatives and the Co-operatives Policy website.

Regional Scope – Provinces and Territories

The publication represents the co-operative landscape across Canada.

Provinces and Territories - abbreviations
Province or Territory abbreviation
British Columbia BC
Alberta AB
Saskatchewan SK
Manitoba MB
Ontario ON
Quebec QC
New Brunswick NB
Provinces and Territories - abbreviations
Province or Territory abbreviation
Nova Scotia NS
Prince Edward Island PE
Newfoundland and Labrador NL
Northwest Territories NT
Nunavut NU
Yukon YT
Territories (NT+NU+YT)Footnote 2 TE

A Note on Comparability

For the purposes of this report, baseline statistics on co-operatives have been presented and no comparisons are made with other forms of corporations. Because the co-operative business model overlaps with other models, further analysis is needed to enable comparisons. For example, some co-operatives are also considered small and medium enterprises (SMEs) because they fit the definition of having 1 to 499 paid employees. Similarly, an additional grouping of co-operatives also operate on a non-profit basis or have registered charity status with the Canada Revenue Agency; so they could further be compared to Not-For-Profit corporations and registered charities.

Highlights

Number of Co-operatives

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In 2013, there were 8,042 co-operatives in Canada, spanning all provinces and territories. Of these, 5,276 (or 66%) responded to the Annual Survey of Canadian Co-operatives; 0.47% more co-operatives reported in 2013 compared to 2011.

Size of Co-operatives (Business Volume and employee numbers)

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In 2013, 49% of reporting co-operatives had no paid employees and were operating using volunteer resources. These co-operatives generated the smallest share of business volumeFootnote 3 (2%), assets (12%) and membership (3%) of the reporting co-operatives.

Conversely, less than 0.4% of co-operatives were large enterprises (i.e., with 500 or more employees). Co-operatives in this size range generated $25.6B in business volume (59% of the total business volume), owned assets of $12.3B (47% of the total assets) and employed more than 39,000 employees (42% of total employment).

Of the remaining reporting co-operatives, 48% had 1-99 employees and 3% had 100–499 employees.Footnote 4

Financial Performance

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Non-financial co-operatives reported a total business volume of $43.2B in 2013. This is an 11% increase from 2011.

Three sectors generated 94% of the business: Wholesale and Retail ($26.5B), Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting ($7.2B), and Construction and Manufacturing ($7.0B).

Reporting co-operatives held $26.0B in assets in 2013 compared to $24.0B in 2011. The top four sectors owned 90% of all assets: Wholesale and Retail ($13.1B), Real Estate ($4.6B) Construction and Manufacturing ($3.0B) and Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting ($2.7B).

In 2013, reporting co-operatives paid out $1B in patronage dividends to their members and communities.

Age of Co-operatives

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In 2013, 15% (or 815) of reporting co-operatives were established over 40 or more years ago; over half 51% (or 2,723) were established between 21 and 40 years ago. A smaller proportion 14% (or 760) of the reporting co-operatives in 2013 were established between 3 to 10 years ago and 5% (or 282) were incorporated within 2 years or less.

Types of Co-operatives

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In 2013, 69% (or 3,642) of reporting co-operatives were consumer co-operatives and 16% (or 824) were producer co-operatives.

Excluding QuebecFootnote 5, 1,940 or 37% of all reporting co-operatives identified themselves as operating as non-profits or as registered charities. Approximately 33% were operating as non-profits in 2011.

Employment

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Reporting co-operatives in 2013 contributed over 95,085 full-time and part-time jobs to the Canadian labour market. This represented a 5.2% increase from 2011.

In 2013, almost 75% of co-operative jobs were held within three sectors: Wholesale and Retail Trade (41%), Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (20%), and, Construction and Manufacturing (14%). From 2004 to 2013, the total number of people employed by reporting co-operatives increased by 10.5%.

Memberships

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Reporting co-operatives had a total of 8.4 million membershipsFootnote 6, a 33% increase over ten years from 2004, and a 7.4% increase from 2011. The overwhelming majority (7.3 million or 87%) of these memberships were within the Wholesale and Retail sectors.

Governance and volunteers

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In 2013, non-financial co-operatives, excluding those in QuebecFootnote 7, reported 18,887 directors on Boards of Directors elected by their membership to help guide the co-operative's operations and make key business decisions for the continued viability of their organizations.

Housing co-operatives had the highest number of directors (over 5,900), followed by Retail and Wholesale (over 3,000), and then Health Care and Social Services boards (2,000).

There were approximately 36,000 volunteers involved in the day-to-day operations of co-operatives in 2013 compared to 26,500 in 2011, excluding co-operatives in Quebec. Housing co-operatives account for 66% of the total volunteers compared to 61% in 2011.

AN OVERVIEW OF 2013 REPORTING CO-OPERATIVES

Distribution by Head Office Location

In 2013, there were 8,042 incorporated co-operativesFootnote 8 registered under a federal, provincial or territorial co-operative Act. Quebec had the highest share of incorporated co-operatives (36%), followed by Ontario (22%) and Saskatchewan (11%). Of the incorporated co-operatives, data was collected on 66% (or 5,276) of co-operatives that completed the 2013 Annual Survey of Canadian Co-operatives (excluding Quebec co-operative data that is provided by the provincial government at the aggregate level).

Figure 1: Co-operatives by Head Office Location

Map of Canada representing Co-operatives by Head Office Location (the long description is located below the image)
Description of Figure 1
Co-operatives by Head Office Location
Province or Territory of Canada I: Incorporated Co-operatives R: Reporting Co-operatives
Yukon 7 2
Northwest Territories 17 9
Nunavut 24 20
Newfoundland and Labrador 96 19
British Columbia 633 359
Alberta 607 361
Saskatchewan 911 582
Manitoba 366 225
Ontario 1,770 782
Quebec 2,895 2,464
Prince Edward Island 116 50
New Brunswick 180 116
Nova Scotia 336 287
Total 8,042 5,276

Size of Co-operatives

The number of employees is commonly used to determine the size of a business. In 2013, 49% of reporting co-operatives had no paid employees. These co-operatives generated over $962M (or 2% of all co-operatives) in business volumeFootnote 9, owned 12% of all assets owned by co-operatives, and had over 257,000 (3% of all co-operatives) memberships.Footnote 10

Approximately 48% of small co-operatives with 1 to 99 employees employed a workforce of over 28,600 or 30% of all employees working in the co-operative sector. They generated a business volume of $7.0B (or 16%) of the total share, owned $6.5B (25%) in assets, and had over 1.9 million (22%) memberships.

Medium-sized co-operatives (100 to 499 employees) represented 3% of the total reporting co-ops and employed more than 26,600 (28%) employees. This group had a business volume of $9.5B (22%), assets of $4.2B (16%), and memberships of over 1.3 million (16%).

Less than 1% (0.4%) of co-operatives was large enterprises (over 500 employees). Together, they generated $25.6B (59%) in business volume, owned assets of $12.3B (47%) and employed over 39,700 (42%) workers. Memberships were approximately 5.0 million (59%).

Figure 2: Co-operatives by Head Office Location

Bar chart representing Co-operatives by Head Office Location (the long description is located below the image)
Description of Figure 2
Co-operatives by Size (Number of Employees), 2013
Number of Employees Number of Reporting Co-operatives Volume of Business Assets
0 2,601 (49%) 2% 12%
1 to 99 2,520 (48%) 16% 25%
100 to 499 135 (3%) 22% 16%
Over 500 20 (0.4%) 59% 47%

Figure 3: Co-operatives by Size (Number of Employees), 2013

Bar chart representing Co-operatives by Size (Number of Employees), 2013 (the long description is located below the image)
Description of Figure 3
Co-operatives by Membership, Employment and Size, 2013
Number of Employees Number of Reporting Co-operatives Membership Employment
0 2,601 (49%) 3% 0%
1 to 99 2,520 (48%) 22% 30%
100 to 499 135 (3%) 16% 16%
Over 500 20 (0.4%) 59% 42%

Types of Co-operatives

Co-operatives are generally categorized based on their relationship and benefit to the member: consumer, producer, worker, multi-stakeholder and federations.

In 2013, 69% (or 3,642) of reporting co-operatives were consumer co-operatives. This is a 1% decrease from 2011. These co-operatives provided products or services to their members (e.g., retail stores, housing, health care, social services). Consumer co-operatives demonstrate the beneficial economies of scale for which co-operatives are known; member-owners band together to purchase large quantities of inputs. As a result, members benefit from lower prices.

Sixteen percent (or 824) of reporting co-operatives in 2013 were producer co-operatives. This is the same percentage as 2011. They processed and marketed the goods or services produced by their members, and/or supplied products or services necessary to the members' professional activities (such as farmers, independent entrepreneurs, or artisans). Producer co-operatives also demonstrate the beneficial economies of scale for member-producers who come together to sell large quantities of outputs jointly. Members then benefit from the overall higher prices. Members also benefit from the infrastructure that is put in place by their co-operative (e.g., processing facilities for agricultural co-operatives).

Nine percent (or 457) of reporting co-operatives in 2013 were multi-stakeholder co-operatives created to serve the needs of different stakeholder groups, such as employees, producers, consumers, clients, service providers, community residents and other interested individuals and organizations. This is a 1% increase from 2011. The benefit of a multi-stakeholder co-operative is that it allows multiple stakeholders to come together under one co-operative to meet all of their needs. Generally, common forms of multi-stakeholder co-operatives include health care, community economic development, home care and social co-operatives.

Five percent (or 257) of reporting co-operatives in 2013 were worker co-operatives. This is the same percentage as 2011. They provided employment for their members. In this type of co-operative, the employees are the members and the owners of the enterprise. Common forms include arts and entertainment, manufacturing, education and home care services.

Approximately 1% (54) of the reporting co-operatives in 2013 was a federation, a co-operative whose membership is composed substantially of other co-operatives generally operating within the same sector. This is the same percentage as 2011. Federations are beneficial to its membership because they provide common goods or services needed by co-operatives under its umbrella such as advocacy, bulk buying, branding or administrative services. Many provinces have a co-operative housing federation that provides services to housing co-operatives and, in turn; there is the Co-operative Housing Federation of Canada that provides national-level services such as advocacy to support the provincial federations.

Figure 4: Co-operatives by Type, 2013

Pie chart representing Co-operatives by Type, 2013 (the long description is located below the image)
Description of Figure 4
Co-operatives by Type, 2013
Type Number of Co-operatives
Consumer 3,642
Producer 824
Multi-Stakeholder 457
Worker 257
Federation 54
Worker-Shareholder 42

Age of Co-operatives

Figure 5: Distribution of Reporting Co-operatives by Age, 2013

Pie chart representing distribution of reporting co-operatives by age, 2013 (the long description is located below the image)
Description of Figure 5
Distribution of Reporting Co-operatives by Age, 2013
Age Number of Co-operatives
0 to 2 years 282
3 to 10 years 760
11 to 20 years 696
21 to 40 years 2,723
41 years or more 815

Approximately two-thirds (67%) of the reporting co-operatives in 2013 were incorporated over 20 years ago. More specifically, 15% (or 815) of reporting co-operatives were established over 40 or more years ago and more than half (2,723 or 51%) were established between 21 and 40 years ago.

A smaller proportion (14% or 760) of the reporting co-operatives in 2013 was established between 3 to 10 years ago and 5% (or 282) were incorporated within 2 years or less.Footnote 11

Employment

Reporting co-operatives employed 95,085 workers in 2013 in both part- and full-time positions and, excluding Quebec co-operatives, paid out $1.5B in salaries and wagesFootnote 12. The Wholesale and Retail sectors employed the largest number of employees by contributing over 38,500 jobs to the labour market. Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting co-operatives were the second largest employers with close to 19,000 jobs, followed by Construction and Manufacturing co-operatives with over 13,400 jobs. These sectors combined provided 75% of the overall co-operative sector's employment figures. There was a 5.2% increase in employment from 2011 to 2013. The largest employment increase occurred in Ontario and Alberta.

Figure 6: Co-operative Employment, 2004–2013

Bar chart representing Co-operative Employment, 2004–2013 (the long description is located below the image)
Description of Figure 6
Co-operative Employment, 2004–2013
Year Number of People Employed
2004 85,147
2005 87,600
2006 87,172
2007 87,620
2008 87,918
2009 87,735
2010 86,452
2011 90,116
2012 86,317
2013 95,085

MembershipsFootnote 13

Co-operatives reported total memberships of 8.4 million in 2013. Of these, the overwhelming majority (7.3 million or 87%) were found within the Wholesale and Retail sectors. With 4.1 million members, Mountain Equipment Co-op alone reported nearly half (49%) of all co-operative memberships in Canada. Co-operative memberships have increased 33% over the last ten years, from 5.6 million memberships to 8.4 million.

Figure 7: Total Memberships (Millions), 2004–2013

Bar chart representing Total Memberships (Millions), 2004–2013 (the long description is located below the image)
Description of Figure 7
Total Memberships (Millions), 2004–2013
Year Number of Memberships
2004 5.6
2005 5.9
2006 6.3
2007 6.6
2008 6.9
2009 7.2
2010 7.4
2011 7.8
2012 7.9
2013 8.4

Financial Performance

In 2013, reporting co-operatives generated a total of $43.2B in business volume. Wholesale and Retail co-operatives reported the largest business volume ($26.5B combined) followed by Agriculture, Fishing, Forestry, and Hunting ($7.2B) and then Construction and Manufacturing ($7.0B). In Manufacturing, a few large co-operatives active in producing dairy products on behalf of their farmer-members generated the bulk of this business volume. These sectors combined reported $40.7B or 94% of the total business volume of co-operatives.

Co-operatives also held $26.0B in assets in the form of cash, real estate, equipment, trademarks and copyrights, among others. Half (50%) or approximately $13.1B of these assets were held within the Wholesale and Retail sector. The Real Estate industry held 20% or $4.6B of the co-operative assets, the bulk of which is the result of housing co-operatives ownership or leasing of property in many of Canada's municipalities. Co-operatives also reported significant assets in Construction and Manufacturing ($3.0B), and in Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting ($2.7B). These four sectors combined reported $23.4B or 90% of the total assets of co-operatives.

From 2004 to 2013, there has been a 36% increase in the total business volume and a 32% increase in total assets.

During this time period, total business volume and assets tended to move in tandem. Fluctuations in 2009 are due in part to the decreased petroleum product sales.

Figure 8: Business Volume and Assets, 2004–2013

Line chart representing Business Volume and Assets, 2004–2013 (the long description is located below the image)
Description of Figure 8
Business Volume and Assets (Millions), 2013
Year Volume of Business Assets
2004 $27,562 $17,574
2005 $27,685 $17,698
2006 $28,792 $18,418
2007 $30,804 $19,256
2008 $35,728 $20,653
2009 $33,854 $21,117
2010 $33,801 $26,549
2011 $38,666 $22,979
2012 $39,639 $24,000
2013 $43,205 $26,007

Patronage Dividends

A patronage dividend is the refund paid annually by a co-operative to its members based on usage and provides direct benefits to members and to the communities where the co-operative businesses are operating. In 2013, excluding Quebec co-operativesFootnote 14, reporting co-operatives paid out $1B in patronage dividends to their members and communities. This represented an increase of 10% from 2011 that saw $911M returned to members.Footnote 15

Co-operatives in the Wholesale and Retail industry returned about $862M or 86% of the total amount of co-operative dividends to their members in 2013. Within that sector, Federated Co-operatives Limited paid $574M in patronage to members in 2013. Construction and Manufacturing co-operatives (primarily dairy co-operatives that manufacture dairy products) provided the second largest amount of paid dividends returning $113M or 11% to members.

From 2004 to 2013, the amount of patronage paid by Canadian co-operatives to their members steadily increased. The $1B in patronage dividends paid to members in 2013 represented an increase of $400M or 40% from 2004.

Co-operatives that are members of a federation or another co-operative may receive patronage dividends from that federation. The difference between what a co-operative receives in patronage dividends and what it pays out to its own members as patronage dividends is net patronage dividends. Net patronage increased from $377M in 2004 to $491M in 2013, an increase of approximately 23% over the period. While patronage paid increased by almost 10% between 2011 and 2013, net patronage increased by 35%.

Figure 9: Patronage Paid versus Net Patronage (Millions), 2004–2013

Line chart representing Patronage Paid versus Net Patronage (Millions), 2004–2013 (the long description is located below the image)
Description of Figure 9
Patronage Paid versus Net Patronage (Millions), 2013
Year Patronage Paid Net Patronage
2004 $608 $377
2005 $666 $408
2006 $735 $412
2007 $874 $459
2008 $1,044 $561
2009 $811 $396
2010 $746 $418
2011 $911 $321
2012 $910 $303
2013 $1,008 $491

Governance and Volunteers

The Board of Directors of a co-operative is critical to the organization's development and growth as they represent the needs of the members who elected them, and make key business decisions to ensure the business successfully continues to operate. In 2013, non-financial co-operatives, excluding those in QuebecFootnote 16, reported 18,887 directors on Boards of Directors. This is an increase of 17% since 2011 for reporting co-operatives. Housing co-operatives had the highest number of directors (over 5,900), followed by Retail and Wholesale (over 3,000), and then Health Care and Social Services (2,000). Ontario reported the highest number of directors (5,493) followed by Saskatchewan (3,857).

Reporting co-operatives in 2013 also reported close to 36,000 volunteers, excluding co-operatives in Quebec. This is an increase of 36.5% since 2011 for reporting co-operatives. Housing co-operatives account for 66% of the total volunteers likely due to their non-profit, social housing mandates. Ontario reported the highest number of volunteers in co-operatives (14,283), followed by British Columbia (11,554), and Saskatchewan (4,352).

Distribution by industry

Total Number of Co-operatives by Industry CodesFootnote 17

Co-operatives in Canada are involved in a wide range of activities, from manufacturing and processing to housing, daycare and health care services in communities. They run regional wholesale and retailing systems that provide millions of goods and services to Canadians, and they are also involved in the provision of local community utilities such as gas, water and electricity.

There were 2,243 (or 43%) reporting co-operatives classified under the Real Estate sector primarily as housing co-operatives. Wholesale and Retail were second with 708 (13%) followed by Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting with 427 (8%) and Health Care and Social Assistance sectors with 406 (7.6%). In some instances, data in the following figures was suppressed for privacy reasons.

Figure 10: Total Number of Reporting Co-operatives by NAICS, 2013

Bar chart representing Total Number of Reporting Co-operatives by NAICS, 2013 (the long description is located below the image)
Description of Figure 10
Total Number of Reporting Co-operatives by NAICS, 2013
Industry Number of Co-operatives
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (11) and Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction (21) 427
Utilities (22) 212
Construction (23) and Manufacturing (31-33) 120
Wholesale Trade (41) and Retail Trade (41-44) 708
Transportation and Warehousing (48-49) 59
Information and Cultural Industries (51) 107
Finance and Insurance (52) 146
Real estate and Rental and Leasing (53) 2,243
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (54) and Educational Services (61) 146
Administrative and Support, Waste Management and Remediation Services (56) 81
Health Care and Social Assistance (62) 406
Arts, Entertainment and Recreation (71) 332
Accommodation and Food Services (72) 61
Other Services (81) and Public Administration (91) 222
Suppressed data for privacy reasons 6

Overview of Co-operatives by Industry Codes

Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting

In 2013, there were 427 reporting co-operatives in the Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting sector that contributed $7.2B in business volume to the economy. The sector reported assets of $2.7B and employed 19,066 employees (second largest employer after Wholesale and Retail) and had a membership of 67,520.

Figure 11: Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting by Number of Reporting Co-operatives, 2013

Bar chart representing Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting by Number of Reporting Co-operatives, 2013 (the long description is located below the image)
Description of Figure 11
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting by Number of Reporting Co-operatives, 2013
Industry Number of Co-operatives
Support activities for agriculture and forestry 141
Animal production and aquaculture 118
Crop production 90
Forestry and logging 37
Fishing, hunting and trapping 35
Supressed data (for privacy reasons) 6

This sector can be further distributed into five sub-sectors, Agriculture and Forestry Support is the largest sub-sector accounting for 33% of co-operatives in this industry. It primarily provides farmers with seed cleaning services. Animal production and aquaculture is the second largest sub-sector and primarily includes collective grazing management activities, as well as poultry and egg production, and livestock-rearing accounts. Crop production includes fruits and vegetables, honey and maple products, as well as grains and oilseeds. The last two sub-sectors include forestry, logging and fishing, hunting and trapping.

Quebec's co-operatives reported by far the highest business volume in the country ($5.6 billion or 78%) of the Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting sector. This is largely attributed to the business activities of La Coop Fédérée that was the second largest non-financial co-op in Canada in 2013 and reported $5.2 billion in total business volume. Ontario co-operatives reported the second largest amount of business activity in this sector (over $597 million).

Figure 12: Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting by Business Volume (Millions), 2013

Bar chart representing Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting by Business Volume (Millions), 2013 (the long description is located below the image)
Description of Figure 12
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting by Business Volume (Millions), 2013
Province/Territory Volume of Business
British Columbia $33.2
Alberta $207.5
Saskatchewan $82.9
Manitoba $443.5
Ontario $597.4
Quebec $5,609.5
New Brunswick $68.0
Nova Scotia $74.7
Prince Edward Island $56.0
Newfoundland and Labrador $22.1

Utilities

The Utilities sector consists of 212 co-operatives that are involved in providing gas, electricity, other forms of energy and water supply services. In 2013, reporting co-operatives within the sector contributed a business volume of $265M and owned $865M in assets. The sector employed a total of 709 persons and had a membership of over 150,800.

Figure 13: Utilities by Business Volume (Millions), 2013

Bar chart representing Utilities by Business Volume (Millions), 2013 (the long description is located below the image)
Description of Figure 13
Utilities by Business Volume (Millions), 2013
Province/Territory Volume of Business
British Columbia $0.2
Alberta $194.5
Saskatchewan $0.2
Manitoba $10.0
Ontario $43.0
Quebec $16.6
New Brunswick $0.1
Nova Scotia $0.2
Prince Edward Island $0.1

In 2013, 107 or 50% of the co-operatives operating within the utilities sector were located in Alberta. These co-operatives are all incorporated under the Rural Utilities Act and include Rural Electrification Associations (REA), natural gas and water co-operatives. They generated $194.5M or 73% of the sector's business volume. They owned assets of $704M or 81% of all assets within the sector. Their membership was more than 137,000, and they employed 600 employees.

The REAs were started in the 1940s by farmers in order to supply rural Alberta with electricity. The REAs were set up as non-profit entities and were created to provide low-cost services to members. Natural gas co-operatives operate their own distribution system and provide natural gas to their members in rural areas.

Of the 105 utility co-operatives operating outside of Alberta, the majority were involved in water supply activities such as agricultural irrigation and rural community water supply. The remainder of reporting utilities co-operatives in 2013 include a mixture of electricity and renewable energy co-operatives (including wind, solar, tidal, hydro, biofuel and biomass). Renewable Energy co-operatives allow citizens and communities to participate in the energy sector and encourage the adoption of approaches to sustainable energy by giving direct financial stake along with influence over decision-making in the energy sector.

Construction and Manufacturing

In 2013, the 120 reporting co-operatives in Construction and Manufacturing generated a combined business volume of $7B. The sectors owned assets valued at $3B, employed more than 13,400 people, and had a membership of over 33,300.

One of the ways the co-operative model is used in the Construction industry is to allow construction workers or trades people to pool resources and technical skills to secure contracts. Furthermore, the model is used to provide a variety of services such as green and eco-renovations. This includes co-operatives where members pool unique construction-related expertise to support the development of new energy-efficent homes as well as environmentally-conscious rennovations and restorations.

Figure 14: Construction and Manufacturing by Business Volume (Millions), 2013

Bar chart representing Construction and Manufacturing by Business Volume (Millions), 2013 (the long description is located below the image)
Description of Figure 14
Construction and Manufacturing by Business Volume (Millions), 2013
Province/Territory Volume of Business
British Columbia $0.2
Alberta $128.6
Saskatchewan $13.3
Manitoba $0.2
Ontario $989.5
Quebec $5,689.9
New Brunswick $74.9
Nova Scotia $5.7
Prince Edward Island $139.9

Most of the 14 co-operatives operating in the Construction Sector were primarily focused on non-residential building construction. The remainder dealt with construction projects such as highways and bridges, and specialties such as painting and masonry.

Manufacturing includes co-operatives mainly engaged in using their producer members' commodities to manufacture a product with a higher market value. The output may be ready for consumption or further used as input into the production of other goods. The co-operatives further provide research and innovation support, and trademarks and patents.

Fifty-three percent of the total 106 reporting co-operatives in the Manufacturing Sector operated within food manufacturing. These co-operatives engaged in dairy product manufacturing, animal food manufacturing, grain and oilseed milling, and meat production. The second largest sub-sector in manufacturing was wood product manufacturing with 14% of co-operatives. The remaining co-operatives were distributed among the sub-sectors of beverage and tobacco products manufacturing, printing and related support activities, and fabricated metal product manufacturing.

Out of the 106 reporting co-operatives in the Manufacturing Sector, more than half (73%) were located in Quebec. Of these, Agropur Coopérative, engaged in dairy product manufacturing, reported a business volume of $3.8B (55% of the reporting co-operatives of the construction and manufacturing sector).

Wholesale and Retail Trade

Wholesale co-operatives mainly sell goods and provide services in bulk in order to reduce the overall costs to their members. Co-operatives in this sector play a large role in providing inputs such as fertilizer, gas, seeds, hardware and other bulk items to farmers. The Retail sector operates retail outlets to provide their consumer members with groceries, hardware, petroleum and other general merchandise. In 2013, the 708 reporting co-operatives operating in the wholesale and retail sector generated the highest business volume of the co-operatives sectors at $26.5 billion, and the highest assets at $13 billion. Together, the sectors employed the most people, providing over 38,500 jobs and had the most members (7.3 million). The high membership is explained by the large number of retail enterprises that offer memberships to individual consumers.

Figure 15: Wholesale and Retail Trade by Number of Reporting Co-operatives, 2013

Bar chart representing Wholesale and Retail Trade by Number of Reporting Co-operatives, 2013 (the long description is located below the image)
Description of Figure 15
Wholesale and Retail Trade by Number of Reporting Co-operatives, 2013
Industry Number of Co-operatives
Food and beverage stores 276
General merchandise stores 161
Sports goods, hobby, book and music stores 77
Miscellaneous merchant wholesalers 72
Gasoline stations 40
Miscellaneous store retailers 18
Suppressed data 15
Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers 14
Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers 14
Food, beverage and tobacco merchant wholesalers 10
Farm product merchant wholesalers 7
Motor vehicle and parts dealers 4

Figure 16: Wholesale and Retail Trade by Business Volume (Millions), 2013

Bar chart representing Wholesale and Retail Trade by Business Volume (Millions), 2013 (the long description is located below the image)
Description of Figure 16
Wholesale and Retail Trade by Business Volume (Millions), 2013
Province/Territory Volume of Business
British Columbia $1,422.9
Alberta $5,189.9
Saskatchewan $12,876.6
Manitoba $2,315.7
Ontario $1,175.4
Quebec $2,191.4
New Brunswick $937.1
Nova Scotia $103.1
Prince Edward Island $37.8
Newfoundland and Labrador $86.4
Territories $140.4

The largest sub-sector within Wholesale and Retail was food and beverage stores. These consisted of specialty food stores including bakeries, organic food stores and farmers' markets, as well as grocery stores. Together, they made up 39% of all co-operatives within Wholesale and Retail. General merchandise stores consisted of retail outlets trading in a wide range of goods from auto to home merchandise.

Saskatchewan contributed the highest business volume ($12.9 billion) to Retail Trade, with Federated Co-operatives Limited (FCL) contributing $9.5B in business volume (36% of reporting co-operatives in this sector).

Transportation and Warehousing

Figure 17: Transportation and Warehousing by Business Volume (Millions), 2013

Bar chart representing Transportation and Warehousing by Business Volume (Millions), 2013 (the long description is located below the image)
Description of Figure 17
Transportation and Warehousing by Business Volume (Millions), 2013
Province/Territory Volume of Business
British Columbia $5.7
Alberta $29.4
Saskatchewan $1.0
Manitoba $2.5
Ontario $1.1
Quebec $93.5
Nova Scotia $0.9

The 59 reporting co-operatives in this sector provide transport for passengers and merchandise, warehouse and store goods. In 2013, reporting co-operatives in the sector generated $134M in business volume, held $77M in assets, employed 1,338 individuals and had 16,439 memberships.

The majority (83%) of co-operatives in this sector fell under transit and ground passenger transportation. This included taxi cooperatives that operated in many of the major municipalities across Canada and car-share co-operatives that provided an alternative for individuals to own and insure an automotive vehicle.

The remaining co-operatives in this sector were engaged in truck freight, air, water, and other support activities for transportation.

While transportation co-operatives were found across the country, about half were located in Quebec and contributed $93M to the total business volume.

Information and Cultural Industries

Co-operatives in this sector are engaged in the production and distribution of informational and cultural items. In 2013, 107 reporting co-operatives in the sector generated a business volume of $260M, held assets of $387M, employed 948 people and had a membership base of over 130,000.

Within this sector, 29% were in broadcasting, 28% in telecommunications, 22% were engaged in activities such as newspaper, periodical and book publishing and 11% were operating in motion picture and sound recording industries.

Figure 18: Information and Cultural Industries by Number of Reporting Co-operatives, 2013

Bar chart representing Information and Cultural Industries by Number of Reporting Co-operatives, 2013 (the long description is located below the image)
Description of Figure 18
Information and Cultural Industries by Number of Reporting Co-operatives, 2013
Industry Number of Co-operatives
Broadcasting (except internet) 31
Telecommunications 30
Publishing industries (except internet) 24
Motion picture and sound recording industries 12
Suppressed data 7
Other information services 2
Data processing, hosting and related services 1

Finance and InsuranceFootnote 18

There are 146 reporting non-financial co-operatives that fall within the NAICS finance and insurance sub-sectors. For example, the co-operative model has been used as a fund to pool investments for communities or for co-operatives to access affordable loans and as a third-tier holding entity for large stock insurance companies.

Figure 19: Finance and Insurance by Business Volume (Millions), 2013

Bar chart representing Finance and Insurance by Business Volume (Millions), 2013 (the long description is located below the image)
Description of Figure 19
Finance and Insurance by Business Volume (Millions), 2013
Province/Territory Volume of Business
British Columbia $2.8
Alberta $12.8
Saskatchewan $1.3
Manitoba $2.9
Ontario $4.3
New Brunswick $0.3
Nova Scotia $2.0
Newfoundland and Labrador $0.2

In 2013, reporting co-operatives in this sector contributed $26.6M in business volume, owned $227M in assets, employed over 4,700 workers, and had a membership of over 10,000.

Community Investment Co-operatives are essentially an investment fund that offers its shares or units to various investors and generates a return through interest, dividends and capital gains. The co-operative then uses the investment capital to develop and grow business in the local community with assistance from provincial initiatives such as the Nova Scotia Community Economic Development Investment Funds.

Saskatchewan is home to a number of Loan Co-operatives, created to provide loans to small businesses in order to promote local economic development. These co-operatives typically have a board of directors of local businesses who make the decision to approve or not approve small loans. Their clientele would generally be businesses that could not secure a loan from a financial institution, but are still deemed a worthy investment for the community. These co-operatives play a depository credit intermediation role. They hold a certain level of capital in a fund that is either entirely, or in part, loaned out with an interest rate that covers some of the costs. Gains are returned to grow the fund.

Feeder and Breeder Financing Co-operatives also play a financial intermediary role to ensure that farmers can purchase livestock. Once the co-operative is capitalized or secures a lender (financial institution), it approves the members' credit limits and provides a revolving line of credit with a low interest rate. This is used to support farmers to purchase and sell cattle. Members (farmers) repay the co-operative directly and the loans are closed. There are many financial benefits that vary by province, including: very low interest rates, no payments until the sale of the cattle, one-time credit approval and financing up to 100%, among others. These co-operatives have several tools to manage the associated risk of providing loans. First, the majority are supported by a provincial loan program that guarantees 15–25% of the loans. In addition, the co-operative requires a security deposit from each member to create a reserve in the event of defaults.

Real Estate and Rental and Leasing

Figure 20: Real Estate and Rental and Leasing by Business Volume (Millions), 2013

Bar chart representing Real Estate and Rental and Leasing by Business Volume (Millions), 2013 (the long description is located below the image)
Description of Figure 20
Real Estate, and Rental and Leasing by Business Volume (Millions), 2013
Province/Territory Volume of Business
British Columbia $137.4
Alberta $30.7
Saskatchewan $14.3
Manitoba $29.9
Ontario $441.2
Quebec $243.4
New Brunswick $8.0
Nova Scotia $16.2
Prince Edward Island $4.3
Newfoundland and Labrador $0.0
Territories $1.3

There were 2,243 co-operatives reported within this sector. Co-operatives operating in the Real Estate, Rental and Leasing industry are primarily nonprofit housing co-operatives (97%) associated with a social housing program with a small percentage (3%) of co-operatives operating in the rental and leasing sub-sector. Co-operatives in this sub-sector rented or leased farm equipment and machinery to members.

Members of housing co-operatives are entitled to a number of benefits, such as affordable housing with rents that increase only when the operating costs increase, the right to vote on important decisions, and building security. The mission of these co-operatives is to help members find suitable housing based on their income.

In 2013, reporting co-operatives in the Real Estate sector generated $927M in business volume and owned the second largest amount of assets at $4.6B. It had over 118,800 memberships and employed over 1,600 people. At 2,243 or 43% of co-operatives, the Real Estate sector had the most co-operatives of any sector.

The province of Quebec had the highest proportion (1,318 or 59%) of all reporting co-operatives in the Real Estate and Rental and Leasing industry but the highest business volume was in Ontario.

Professional, Scientific and Technical Services & Educational Services

Figure 21: Professional, Scientific and Technical Services, and Educational Services by Business Volume (Millions), 2013

Bar chart representing Professional, Scientific and Technical Services, and Educational Services by Business Volume (Millions), 2013 (the long description is located below the image)
Description of Figure 21
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services, and Educational Services by Business Volume (Millions), 2013
Province/Territory Volume of Business
British Columbia $2.0
Alberta $2.6
Saskatchewan $2.6
Manitoba $0.7
Ontario $21.2
Quebec $58.6
New Brunswick $0.05
Nova Scotia $2.0
Prince Edward Island $0.2
Newfoundland and Labrador $0.7

The Professional, Scientific and Technical Services sector includes establishments whose activities are based primarily on human capital. These co-operatives range from provincial and national co-operative associations that provide professional support to their member co-operatives, to management consulting, research and advertising co-operatives.

Educational Services co-operatives provide instruction and training services that range from sign language instruction to study abroad initiatives.

In 2013, the 146 reporting co-operatives in Professional, Scientific and Technical Services and Educational Services generated a business volume of over $91M, and owned assets of over $119M. The two sectors employed more than 1,400 workers and had a membership of more than 22,700.

Quebec and Ontario, with a combined business volume of $80M, contributed the most to the Professional, Scientific and Technical Services and Educational Services sector.

Administrative and Support, Waste Management and Remediation Services

Figure 22: Administrative and Support, Waste Management and Remediation Services by Volume of Business (Millions), 2013

Bar chart representing Administrative and Support, Waste Management and Remediation Services by Volume of Business (Millions), 2013 (the long description is located below the image)
Description of Figure 22
Administrative and Support, Waste Management and Remediation Services by Business Volume (Millions), 2013
Province/Territory Volume of Business
Alberta $1.9
Manitoba $0.2
Ontario $5.4
Quebec $16.6
New Brunswick $0.8
Nova Scotia $15.9
Territories $0.5

There are two distinct types of co-operatives engaged in this sector: co-operatives that provide daily operational support to organizations or individuals such as travel agencies and business support services; and, co-operatives involved with waste management activities such as recycling facilities.

The 81 reporting co-operatives in this sector generated $40M in business volume and owned $34M in assets. They employed 961 employees and had a membership of just over 5,000.

Quebec and Nova Scotia together had a total of 89% of co-operatives working in the Administrative and Support Services sub-sector.

Health Care and Social Assistance

Figure 23: Health Care and Social Assistance by Business Volume (Millions), 2013

Bar chart representing Health Care and Social Assistance by Business Volume (Millions), 2013 (the long description is located below the image)
Description of Figure 23
Health Care and Social Assistance by Business Volume (Millions), 2013
Province/Territory Volume of Business
British Columbia $0.7
Alberta $12.5
Saskatchewan $45.3
Manitoba $19.5
Ontario $36.2
Quebec $166.4
New Brunswick $0.8
Nova Scotia $4.4
Prince Edward Island $0.2
Newfoundland and Labrador $0.8

The 406 reporting co-operatives in Health Care and Social Assistance fell into three NAICS sub-sectors, namely social assistance (77%), ambulatory health care services (22%), and nursing and residential care facilities (less than 1%)Footnote 19. Social Assistance co-operatives provide services to individuals and families, including counselling, employment support and services to individuals who face multiple barriers to employment, as well as child day-care services. Cooperatives in ambulatory health care services provide direct or indirect health care services to outpatients and include community health clinics, ambulance services and home health care.

In 2013, the reporting co-operatives within the sector generated a business volume of $287M, and owned assets valued at $201M. They employed over 5,300 people and had a membership of over 172,700.

With a total of 126 reporting co-operatives in 2013, Ontario held the highest proportion of Health Care and Social Assistance co-operatives but the highest business volume was in Quebec.

Arts, Entertainment and Recreation

Figure 24: Arts, Entertainment and Recreation by Number of Reporting Co-operatives, 2013

Bar chart representing  Arts, Entertainment and Recreation by Number of Reporting Co-operatives, 2013 (the long description is located below the image)
Description of Figure 24
Arts, Entertainment and Recreating by Number of Reporting Co-operatives, 2013
Industry Number of Co-operatives
Amusement, gambling and recreation industries 231
Performing arts, spectator sports and related industries 78
Suppressed data (for privacy reasons) 12
Heritage institution 11

Co-operatives in this sector operate facilities or provide artistic, cultural, entertainment and recreational services for their patrons; 332 co-operatives reported.

The majority (70%) of these reporting co-operatives operated in the amusement, gambling and recreation industries. Twenty-three percent were in the performing arts, spectator sports and related industries (e.g., curling clubs, marinas, community centers, and golf clubs).

In 2013, reporting co-operatives generated a business volume of $37M. The sector had assets of $96M, employed over 1,000 individuals and had more than 39,200 members.

Accommodation and Food Services

Figure 25: Accommodation and Food Services by Number of Reporting Co-operatives, 2013

Bar chart representing Accommodation and Food Services by Number of Reporting Co-operatives, 2013 (the long description is located below the image)
Description of Figure 25
Accommodation and Food Services by Number of Reporting Co-operatives, 2013
Industry Number of Co-operatives
Food services and drinking places 34
Accommodation services 27

Co-operatives also provide accommodations in the tourism industry as well as food services. This includes hotels, resorts, marinas, camping and RV parks, as well as restaurants, coffee shops and student cafeterias.

In 2013, the 61 reporting co-operatives in Accommodation and Food Services generated a combined business volume of $26.4M, and owned assets of $18.5M. The sector employed 468 workers and had more than 10,200 memberships. Forty-four percent of the co-operatives in the sector fell under the accommodation services sub-sector, while 56% fell under the food services and drinking places sub-sector. The majority of these co-operatives (85%) operated in Quebec.

Other Services & Public Administration

Figure 26: Other Services and Public Administration by Number of Reporting Co-operatives, 2013

Bar chart representing Other Services and Public Administration by Number of Reporting Co-operatives, 2013 (the long description is located below the image)
Description of Figure 26
Other Services and Public Administration by Number of Reporting Co-operatives, 2013
Industry Number of Co-operatives
Personal and laundry services 143
Private households 38
Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations 25
Local, municipal and regional public administration 9
Suppressed data (for privacy reasons) 7

In 2013, 222 reporting co-operatives in Other Services and Public Administration together generated a business volume of $397M. The sectors owned assets valued at $572M, employed over 5,300 people and had memberships of more than 343,100.

Co-operatives working within the personal and laundry services made up 64% of all reporting co-operatives operating in the Other Services sector. The private households sub-sector refers to households that employed workers such as cooks, maids and gardeners.

Other Services co-operatives are mainly engaged in repairs and routine maintenance on products such as motor vehicles, machinery and equipment, as well as co-operatives that provide personal care, funeral and other services. Co-operatives involved in the organization and support of religious activities, grant-making, advocacy and political causes are also included under this sector.

The nine Public Administration co-operatives provided firefighting services to their local communities in Saskatchewan and Alberta. These co-operatives brought together the firefighters, community members, and local government in order to pool resources, skills and support.

Summary

Overall, Canada's co-operative sector continues to grow at a moderate rate in terms of business volume, assets, and numbers of employees and memberships. The Real Estate and Rental and Leasing sector (which includes housing co-operatives) continues to have the largest number of co-operatives while the Retail and Wholesale sector generates the largest amount of business volume. Other sectors such as Agricutlure, Foresty and Hunting and Construction and Manufacturing also continue to grow in terms of business volume but remain relatively stagnant in terms of numbers of co-operatives, employees and members. The co-operative sector returned an impressive amount of patronage dividends ($1B) which represents a 10% increase over 2011. The co-operative business model continues to have a strong presence in the traditional sectors in which they are present (e.g., retail, wholesale, agriculture, construction and manufacturing) and at the same time, has demonstrated a breadth of activity in other sectors. In particular, areas such as health care, social assistance and renewable energy represent areas where modest growth is occurring as the co-operative model is applied in new and innovative ways.


Annex A: Detailed Data Tables

Table 1: Overview of reporting Co-operatives by Province and Territories (based on headquarter address) 2004–2013

Number of Reporting Co-operatives
  BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS PE NL TE TOTAL
2013 359 361 582 225 782 2,464 116 287 50 19 31 5,276
2012 330 347 567 228 678 2,390Footnote 20 111 305 46 16 30 5,048
2011 338 415 612 246 739 2,390 108 303 59 18 29 5,257
2010 301 411 579 224 708 2,379 101 284 54 19 34 5,094
2009 393 465 767 255 901 2,315 133 288 61 29 35 5,642
2008 392 478 811 264 918 2,271 135 282 63 33 39 5,686
2007 392 481 844 270 952 2,294 138 287 65 33 39 5,795
2006 380 467 855 263 940 2,293 140 280 61 35 37 5,751
2005 385 440 844 267 964 2,258 139 273 63 42 35 5,710
2004 398 504 879 277 947 2,225 141 257 61 56 35 5,780
Table 1: Overview of reporting Co-operatives by Province and Territories (based on headquarter address) 2004–2013 Business Volume (in Millions of Dollars)
  BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS PE NL TE TOTAL
2013 1,617 5,851 13,122 2,855 3,362 14,524 1,099 279 241 111 142 43,205
2012 1,541 5,169 12,206 2,678 2,800 12,986Footnote 21 1,030 742 264 84 139 39,639
2011 1,425 5,201 11,494 2,501 2,768 12,986 990 815 258 91 137 38,666
2010 1,265 4,330 9,794 1,971 2,356 11,979 955 791 228 74 183 33,925
2009 1,285 4,558 9,518 2,082 2,478 11,619 1,085 780 219 76 154 33,854
2008 1,205 5,212 11,419 2,142 2,390 11,091 1,043 769 229 67 161 35,728
2007 1,223 4,600 8,361 1,861 2,355 10,177 1,035 739 237 63 153 30,804
2006 1,145 4,161 7,670 1,799 2,415 9,323 1,091 734 220 86 148 28,792
2005 1,132 4,206 6,808 1,712 2,393 9,073 1,171 728 229 124 109 27,685
2004 1,119 4,203 7,594 1,639 2,233 8,515 1,088 723 223 123 102 27,562
Table 1: Overview of reporting Co-operatives by Province and Territories (based on headquarter address) 2004–2013 Assets (in Millions of Dollars)
BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS PE NL TE TOTAL
2013 1,510 3,296 8,029 1,373 3,548 7,353 368 220 112 51 148 26,007
2012 1,478 2,698 7,746 1,302 3,119 6,598Footnote 22 326 434 114 40 146 24,000
2011 1,473 2,815 6,452 1,182 3,318 6,598 322 530 115 42 133 22,979
2010 1,359 2,581 5,395 1,003 3,184 6,055 318 488 98 38 167 20,685
2009 1,438 2,763 5,138 1,035 4,008 5,719 344 398 95 44 135 21,117
2008 1,400 2,632 5,036 968 4,159 5,449 341 393 90 41 144 20,653
2007 1,393 2,448 4,351 918 4,076 5,048 378 378 88 41 137 19,256
2006 1,377 2,453 3,791 876 4,107 4,796 384 362 88 50 134 18,418
2005 1,373 2,356 3,294 848 4,166 4,633 418 353 83 58 116 17,698
2004 1,462 2,337 3,747 803 4,068 4,145 407 340 83 74 108 17,574
Table 1: Overview of reporting Co-operatives by Province and Territories (based on headquarter address) 2004–2013 Memberships (in Thousands)
BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS PE NL TE TOTAL
2013 4,523 1,170 542 527 186 1,287 81 42 17 45 15 8,436
2012 4,187 1,091 531 490 153 1,253Footnote 23 81 48 18 37 15 7,904
2011 3,993 1,211 510 469 172 1,253 84 45 18 41 15 7,810
2010 3,698 1,184 483 426 143 1,250 89 44 17 39 24 7,398
2009 3,467 1,188 587 433 158 1,186 96 51 21 31 21 7,239
2008 3,219 1,188 572 413 168 1,152 94 48 21 30 21 6,926
2007 2,909 1,175 560 385 180 1,126 193 46 25 28 20 6,647
2006 2,691 1,178 554 345 184 1,070 187 45 25 41 20 6,340
2005 2,471 1,117 467 328 179 1,026 171 40 24 45 17 5,885
2004 2,346 1,033 512 314 176 978 152 39 24 45 17 5,636
Table 1: Overview of reporting Co-operatives by Province and Territories (based on headquarter address) 2004–2013 Employees
BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS PE NL TE TOTAL
2013 4,451 10,650 11,996 5,610 10,954 45,027 2,500 1,587 961 568 781 95,085
2012 4,394 8,528 11,907 4,331 5,410 43,902Footnote 24 2,176 3,101 1,249 560 759 86,317
2011 4,378 9,305 14,444 4,289 5,719 43,902 2,282 3,216 1,212 599 770 90,116
2010 4,149 8,555 11,191 4,119 5,493 44,898 3,113 3,270 1,033 335 1,807 87,963
2009 3,778 9,918 11,456 4,149 5,639 42,739 3,167 3,195 1,054 895 1,745 87,735
2008 4,013 9,732 11,089 3,826 5,878 42,734 3,216 3,781 1,058 800 1,791 87,918
2007 4,429 9,311 10,797 3,617 5,750 43,054 3,704 3,533 919 820 1,686 87,620
2006 4,368 9,311 10,352 3,837 5,635 42,960 3,691 3,469 912 974 1,663 87,172
2005 4,636 9,330 9,956 4,027 5,676 43,013 3,729 3,361 1,163 1,120 1,589 87,600
2004 4,162 11,380 11,775 4,047 5,579 36,911 3,622 3,372 1,214 1,420 1,665 85,147

Table 2: Trends by Province and Territories, 2009–2013

Table 2: Trends by Province and Territories, 2009–2013
2009 2010 2011 2012Footnote 25 2013
Canada Number of co-ops reporting 3,391 5,094 5,257 5,048 5,276
Business volume in millions of dollars 31,619  33,925 38,666 39,639 43,205
Number of memberships in thousands 6,109  7,398 7,810 7,904 8,436
Number of employees 64,797  87,963 90,116 86,317 95,085
Assets in millions of dollars 18,778  20,685 22,979 24,000 26,007
Liabilities in millions of dollars 9,890  10,798 11,875 11,956 12,095
Equity in millions of dollars 8,889  9,883 11,112 12,042 13,913
   
British Columbia Number of co-ops reporting 392 301 338 330 359
Business volume in millions of dollars 1,285 1,265 1,425 1,541 1,617
Number of memberships in thousands 3,467 3,698 3,993 4,187 4,523
Number of employees 3,779 4,149 4,378 4,394 4,451
Assets in millions of dollars 1,438 1,359 1,473 1,478 1,510
Liabilities in millions of dollars 912 822 871 830 823
Equity in millions of dollars 526 537 603 647 689
   
Alberta Number of co-ops reporting 469 411 415 347 361
Business volume in millions of dollars 4,558 4,330 5,201 5,169 5,851
Number of memberships in thousands 1,189 1,184 1,211 1,091 1,170
Number of employees 9,925 8,555 9,305 8,528 10,650
Assets in millions of dollars 2,775 2,581 2,815 2,698 3,296
Liabilities in millions of dollars 1,132 1,034 1,152 1,112 1,303
Equity in millions of dollars 1,643 1,547 1,667 1,585 1,993
   
Saskatchewan Number of co-ops reporting 764 579 612 567 582
Business volume in millions of dollars 9,512 9,794 11,494 12,206 13,122
Number of memberships in thousands 586 483 510 531 542
Number of employees 11,439 11,191 14,444 11,907 11,996
Assets in millions of dollars 5,136 5,395 6,452 7,746 8,029
Liabilities in millions of dollars 1,734 1,810 2,314 2,751 2,424
Equity in millions of dollars 3,402 3,585 4,141 4,995 5,605
   
Manitoba Number of co-ops reporting 255 224 246 228 225
Business volume in millions of dollars 2,082 1,971 2,501 2,678 2,855
Number of memberships in thousands 433 426 469 490 527
Number of employees 4,149 4,119 4,289 4,331 5,610
Assets in millions of dollars 1,035 1,003 1,182 1,302 1,373
Liabilities in millions of dollars 357 343 392 427 425
Equity in millions of dollars 678 659 790 875 948
   
Ontario Number of co-ops reporting 904 708 739 678 782
Business volume in millions of dollars 2,486 2,356 2,768 2,800 3,362
Number of memberships in thousands 160 143 172 153 186
Number of employees 5,681 5,493 5,719 5,410 10,954
Assets in millions of dollars 4,021 3,184 3,318 3,119 3,548
Liabilities in millions of dollars 3,299 2,464 2,521 2,303 2,570
Equity in millions of dollars 722 720 797 815 978
   
QuebecFootnote 26 Number of co-ops reporting 60 2,379 2,390 2,390 2,464
Business volume in millions of dollars 9,384  11,979 12,986 12,986 14,524
Number of memberships in thousands 55  1,250 1,253 1,253 1,287
Number of employees 19,786  44,898 43,902 43,902 45,027
Assets in millions of dollars 3,359  6,055 6,598 6,598 7,353
Liabilities in millions of dollars 1,810 3,608 3,904 3,904 4,074
Equity in millions of dollars 1,548  2,413 2,694 2,694 3,279
   
New Brunswick Number of co-ops reporting 135 101 108 111 116
Business volume in millions of dollars 1,085 955 990 1,030 1,099
Number of memberships in thousands 96 89 84 81 81
Number of employees 3,169 3,113 2,282 2,176 2,500
Assets in millions of dollars 344 318 322 326 368
Liabilities in millions of dollars 222 207 213 215 217
Equity in millions of dollars 122 111 109 110 151
   
Nova Scotia Number of co-ops reporting 285 284 303 305 287
Business volume in millions of dollars 778 791 815 742 279
Number of memberships in thousands 50 44 45 48 42
Number of employees 3,170 3,270 3,216 3,101 1,587
Assets in millions of dollars 398 488 530 434 220
Liabilities in millions of dollars 267 342 358 262 116
Equity in millions of dollars 132 147 174 171 103
   
Prince Edward Island Number of co-ops reporting 62 54 59 46 50
Business volume in millions of dollars 219 228 258 264 241
Number of memberships in thousands 21 17 18 18 17
Number of employees 1,057 1,033 1,212 1,249 961
Assets in millions of dollars 95 98 115 114 112
Liabilities in millions of dollars 46 47 64 61 50
Equity in millions of dollars 49 51 51 53 62
   
Newfoundland Number of co-ops reporting 30 19 18 16 19
Business volume in millions of dollars 76 74 91 84 111
Number of memberships in thousands 31 39 41 37 45
Number of employees 897 335 599 560 568
Assets in millions of dollars 44 38 42 40 51
Liabilities in millions of dollars 27 16 18 18 23
Equity in millions of dollars 16 22 23 23 28
   
Territories Number of co-ops reporting 35 34 29 30 31
Business volume in millions of dollars 154 183 137 139 142
Number of memberships in thousands 21 24 15 15 15
Number of employees 1,745 1,807 770 759 781
Assets in millions of dollars 135 167 133 146 148
Liabilities in millions of dollars 84 93 69 72 70
Equity in millions of dollars 51 74 64 73 78

Table 3: Comparison of Co-operatives (Average) by Province and Territories, 2011–2013

Table 3: Comparison of Co-operatives (Average) by Province and Territories, 2011–2013
20112013
Canada Total Number of co-op reporting 5,251 5,276
Business volume ($) per co-operative(Canada) 7,361,867 8,189,002
Total Number of Memberships(Canada) 1,487 1,599
Total Number of Employees(Canada) 18 18
Assets ($) per co-operative(Canada) 4,374,488 4,929,303
Liabilities ($) per co-operative(Canada) 2,260,677 2,292,456
Equity ($) per co-operative 2,115,538 2,637,036
     
British Columbia Number of Reporting Co-ops 338 359
Business volume($) per co-operative 4,216,684 4,504,178
Number of memberships per co-operative 11,814 12,599
Number of employees per co-operative 13 12
Assets($) per co-operative 4,358,785 4,206,128
Liabilities($) per co-operative 2,575,715 2,292,479
Equity ($) per co-operative 1,783,060 1,919,220
     
Alberta Number of Reporting Co-ops 415 361
Business volume($) per co-operative 12,533,660 16,207,756
Number of memberships per co-operative 2,918 3,241
Number of employees per co-operative 22 30
Assets($) per co-operative 6,782,434 9,130,194
Liabilities($) per co-operative 2,774,859 3,609,418
Equity ($) per co-operative 4,017,584 5,520,776
Saskatchewan Number of Reporting Co-ops 611 582
Business volume($) per co-operative 18,811,047 22,547,219
Number of memberships per co-operative 834 931
Number of employees per co-operative 24 21
Assets($) per co-operative 10,559,007 13,795,533
Liabilities($) per co-operative 3,786,823 4,164,948
Equity ($) per co-operative 6,777,820 9,630,584
   
Manitoba Number of Reporting Co-ops 245 225
Business volume($) per co-operative 10,208,881 12,688,889
Number of memberships per co-operative 1,916 2,342
Number of employees per co-operative 18 25
Assets($) per co-operative 4,824,376 6,102,222
Liabilities($) per co-operative 1,600,023 1,888,889
Equity ($) per co-operative 3,224,430 4,213,333
   
Ontario Number of Reporting Co-ops 736 782
Business volume($) per co-operative 3,748,264 4,299,233
Number of memberships per co-operative 232 238
Number of employees per co-operative 14 14
Assets($) per co-operative 4,496,835 4,537,084
Liabilities($) per co-operative 3,419,349 3,286,445
Equity ($) per co-operative 1,077,339 1,250,639
     
Quebec Number of Reporting Co-ops 2,390 2,464
Business volume($) per co-operative 5,433,388 5,894,481
Number of memberships per co-operative 524 522
Number of employees per co-operative 18 18
Assets($) per co-operative 2,760,702 2,984,172
Liabilities($) per co-operative 1,633,588 1,653,409
Equity ($) per co-operative 1,127,111 1,330,763
   
New Brunswick Number of Reporting Co-ops 108 116
Business volume($) per co-operative 9,166,456 9,474,138
Number of memberships per co-operative 775 698
Number of employees per co-operative 21 22
Assets($) per co-operative 2,980,456 3,172,414
Liabilities($) per co-operative 1,971,780 1,870,690
Equity ($) per co-operative 1,008,667 1,301,724
   
Nova Scotia Number of Reporting Co-ops 303 287
Business volume($) per co-operative 2,691,062 972,125
Number of memberships per co-operative 149 146
Number of employees per co-operative 11 6
Assets($) per co-operative 1,748,271 766,551
Liabilities($) per co-operative 1,180,839 404,181
Equity ($) per co-operative 572,614 358,885
Prince Edward Island Number of Reporting Co-ops 58 50
Business volume($) per co-operative 4,442,087 4,820,000
Number of memberships per co-operative 313 340
Number of employees per co-operative 21 19
Assets($) per co-operative 1,978,800 2,240,000
Liabilities($) per co-operative 1,104,565 1,000,000
Equity ($) per co-operative 874,235 1,240,000
     
Newfoundland and Labrador Number of Reporting Co-ops 18 19
Business volume($) per co-operative 5,076,979 5,842,105
Number of memberships per co-operative 2,259 2,368
Number of employees per co-operative 33 30
Assets($) per co-operative 2,308,186 2,684,211
Liabilities($) per co-operative 1,009,089 1,210,526
Equity ($) per co-operative 1,299,097 1,473,684
     
Territories Number of Reporting Co-ops 29 31
Business volume($) per co-operative 4,717,839 4,580,645
Number of memberships per co-operative 506 484
Number of employees per co-operative 27 25
Assets($) per co-operative 4,594,948 4,774,194
Liabilities($) per co-operative 2,379,635 2,258,065
Equity ($) per co-operative 2,215,314 2,516,129

Table 4: Business volume (in Millions) of Co-operatives by NAICS, and Province and Territory, 2013Footnote 27

Business volume (in Millions) of Co-operatives by NAICS, and Province and Territory, 2013
Canada BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS PE NL TE
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting – 11 7,194.9 33.2 207.5 82.9 443.5 597.4 5,609.5 67.98 74.7 55.97 X ..
Utilities – 22 264.7 0.2 194.4 0.2 10.0 42.9 16.5 X 0.2 X .. ..
Construction – 23 & Manufacturing – 31–33 7,042.1 X X 13.2 X 989.5 5,689.9 74.8 5.6 X .. ..
Wholesale Trade – 41 and Retail trade – 44–45 26,476.6 1,422.8 5,189.9 12,876.6 2,315.7 1,175.4 2,191.3 937.1 103.1 37.7 86.3 140.4
Transportation and warehousing – 48–49 134.0 5.7 29.3 0.9 2.4 1.1 93.4 .. 0.9 .. .. ..
Information and cultural industries – 51 260.0 X X 78.8 27.9 37.8 62.0 1.5 51.1 X .. ..
Finance and insurance – 52 26.5 2.7 12.7 1.2 2.9 4.3 .. X 1.9 .. X ..
Real estate and rental and leasing – 53 926.6 137.4 30.6 14.3 29.8 441.2 243.3 8.0 16.2 4.2 .. 1.3
Professional, scientific and technical Services – 54 & Educational services – 61 90.6 2.0 2.5 2.5 X 21.2 58.6 X 2.0 X X ..
Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services – 56 40.4 .. X .. X X 16.5 X 15.9 .. .. X
Health care and social assistance – 62 288.4 0.6 X 45.3 19.4 36.2 166.4 0.8 4.4 X X ..
Arts, entertainment and recreation – 71 36.8 1.7 X 4.6 2.1 2.1 20.3 2.2 2.0 0.3 X X
Accommodation and food services – 72 26.4 X X X X X 22.0 X X .. .. ..
Other services – 81 and Public administration – 91 397.0 9.0 39.5 1.4 0.2 4.0 333.5 6.0 0.9 2.1 .. ..
Unknown NAICS 1,462.8 X X X     . X        
Total 43,205.7 1,617.0 5,851.4 13,122.4 2,855.3 3,362.2 14,523.9 1,099.3 279.1 240.7 111.2 142.2
Notes: "X" = suppressed data due to confidentiality; ".." = no reporting co-operatives; and "Unknown NAICS" = suppressed aggregate NAICS 2-digit data due to confidentiality.

Table 5: Assets (IN MILLIONS) of Co-operatives by NAICS, and Province and Territory, 2013Footnote 28

Assets (IN MILLIONS) of Co-operatives by NAICS, and Province and Territory, 2013
Canada BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS PE NL TE
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting – 11 2,667.9 89.6 156.0 44.1 77.1 307.4 1,859.9 46.4 50.7 20.2 X ..
Utilities – 22 865.1 0.1 704.1 1.1 68.1 74.9 16.4 0.1 0.2 X .. ..
Construction – 23 and Manufacturing – 31-33 3,037.8 X X 4.1 X 494.0 2,328.8 36.1 3.0 X    
Wholesale Trade – 41 and Retail trade – 44-45 13,117.2 677.2 2,017.0 7,760.7 1,014.0 408.3 789.3 218.9 45.1 14.3 30.8 141.3
Transportation and warehousing – 48-49 77.2 5.6 4.5 0.8 0.9 0.7 63.5 .. 1.3 .. .. ..
Information and cultural industries – 51 387.1 X X 116.0 42.3 137.0 74.8 1.4 12.6 X .. ..
Finance and insurance – 52 227.8 10.5 113.5 25.8 48.9 19.1 .. X 9.0 .. X ..
Real estate and rental and leasing – 53 4,578.7 697.8 119.2 30.6 106.1 2,002.2 1,511.0 26.7 69.2 9.2 .. X
Professional, scientific and technical services – 54 and Educational services – 61 119.8 6.4 3.1 1.2 0.3 49.9 55.2 X 1.5 X X ..
Administrative and support,
water management and
remediation services – 56
34.1 .. X .. X X 28.1 X 3.6 .. .. X
Health care and social assistance – 62 201.3 1.3 X 26.0 9.4 13.1 137.2 0.5 3.4 X X ..
Arts, entertainment and recreation – 71 95.5 10.0 X 13.4 3.0 3.2 42.6 3.7 16.8 0.1 X X
Accommodation and food services – 72 18.5 X X X X X 12.9 .. X .. .. ..
Other services – 81 and Public administration – 91 571.9 8.0 45.3 4.4 0.7 35.7 43.3 33.1 3.4 8.6 .. ..
Unknown NAICS 3.1 X X X     X X        
Total 26,007.4 1,509.8 3,295.8 8,028.5 1,372.8 3,547.9 7,352.8 368.5 220.2 111.9 51.0 147.8
Notes: "X" = suppressed data due to confidentiality; ".." = no reporting co-operatives; and "Unknown NAICS" = suppressed aggregate NAICS 2-digit data due to confidentiality.

Table 6: Membership of Co-operatives by NAICS, and Province and Territory, 2013Footnote 29

Membership of Co-operatives by NAICS, and Province and Territory, 2013
Canada BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS PE NL TE
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting – 11 67,520 3,881 24,456 12,436 2,957 7,073 12,502 1,245 2,115 364 X ..
Utilities – 22 150,841 37 137,237 375 1,578 5,430 6,040 X 78 X .. ..
Construction – 23 and Manufacturing – 31–33 33,379 X X 536 X 7,838 18,912 519 1,605 X .. ..
Wholesale Trade – 41 and Retail trade – 44–45 7,313,951 4,454,427 945,570 476,781 479,954 72,085 726,635 66,833 24,654 8,946 43,268 14,798
Transportation and warehousing – 48–49 16,439 11,572 313 173 223 865 2,137 .. 1,156 .. .. ..
Information and cultural industries - 51 130,121 X X 920 30,701 24,856 40,914 2,772 802 X .. ..
Finance and insurance – 52 10,792 389 4,050 2,066 229 401 X .. 3,047 .. X ..
Real estate and rental and leasing - 53 118,898 17,128 3,739 1,035 3,338 55,815 34,247 862 1,858 773 X X
Professional, scientific and technical Services – 54 and Educational services – 61 22,759 796 148 385 X 610 19,423 X 754 X X ..
Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services – 56 5,033 .. X .. X X 3,872 X 626 .. .. X
Health care and social assistance – 62 172,753 2,107 X 31,835 4,337 6,757 125,130 685 318 X X ..
Arts, entertainment and recreation – 71 39,291 2,425 X 11,221 2,994 1,286 15,928 2,720 1,997 165 X X
Accommodation and food services – 72 10,241 X X X X X 9,402 X X .. .. ..
Other services – 81 and Public administration – 91 343,199 1,371 50,080 3,782 64 2,859 272,302 5,153 2,894 4,694 .. ..
Unknown NAICS 827 X X X .. .. .. X .. .. .. ..
Total 8,436,044 4,523,072 1,170,072 541,663 526,628 186,427 1,287,494 81,468 41,911 17,196 45,202 14,911
Notes: "X" = suppressed data due to confidentiality; ".." = no reporting co-operatives; and "Unknown NAICS" = suppressed aggregate NAICS 2-digit data due to confidentiality.

Table 7: Employment of Co-operatives by NAICS, and Province and Territory, 2013Footnote 30

Employment of Co-operatives by NAICS, and Province and Territory, 2013
Canada BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS PE NL TE
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting – 11 19,066 987 414 99 610 1,077 13,977 667 534 406 X ..
Utilities – 22 709 X 600 2 42 31 21 X 6 X .. ..
Construction – 23 and Manufacturing – 31–33 13,473 X X 2 X 1,565 11,069 232 26 X .. ..
Wholesale Trade – 41 and Retail trade – 44–45 38,580 2,187 8,813 10,300 4,075 1,310 7,783 1,474 473 140 250 757
Transportation and warehousing – 48–49 1,338 33 85 21 17 9 1,155 .. 18 X X ..
Information and cultural industries – 51 948 X X 246 143 182 316 22 30 X .. ..
Finance and insurance – 52 4,794 45 47 54 24 4,589 .. X 17 .. X ..
Real estate and rental and leasing – 53 1,608 91 65 40 94 1,028 196 7 25 62 .. ..
Professional, scientific and technical Services – 54 and Educational services – 61 1,490 17 30 29 X 115 1,239 X 49 X X ..
Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services – 56 961 X X X 700 22 X
Health care and social assistance – 62 5,306 15 X 1,087 550 918 2,413 30 185 X X ..
Arts, entertainment and recreation – 71 1,021 25 X 82 38 73 746 18 20 9 X X
Accommodation and food services – 72 468 7 X .. X .. 450 X X .. .. ..
Other services – 81 and Public administration – 91 5,312 26 172 28 5 40 4,962 38 13 28 .. ..
Unknown NAICS 11 X X X                
Total 95,085 4,451 10,650 11,996 5,610 10,954 45,027 2,500 1,587 961 568 781
Notes: "X" = suppressed data due to confidentiality; ".." = no reporting co-operatives; and "Unknown NAICS" = suppressed aggregate NAICS 2-digit data due to confidentiality.